Linux yum 命令
yum( Yellow dog Updater, Modified) 是一个在 Fedora 和 RedHat 以及 SUSE 中的 Shell 前端软件包管理器.
基於 RPM 包管理, 能够从指定的服务器自动下载 RPM 包并且安装, 可以自动处理依赖性关系, 并且一次安装所有依赖的软体包, 无须繁琐地一次次下载, 安装.
yum 提供了查找, 安装, 删除某一个, 一组甚至全部软件包的命令, 而且命令简洁而又好记.
yum 语法
yum [options] [command] [package ...]
options: 可选, 选项包括 - h(帮助),-y(当安装过程提示选择全部为 "yes"),-q(不显示安装的过程) 等等.
command: 要进行的操作.
package 操作的对象.
yum 常用命令
1. 列出所有可更新的软件清单命令: yum check-update
2. 更新所有软件命令: yum update
3. 仅安装指定的软件命令: yum install <package_name>
4. 仅更新指定的软件命令: yum update <package_name>
5. 列出所有可安裝的软件清单命令: yum list
6. 删除软件包命令: yum remove <package_name>
7. 查找软件包 命令: yum search <keyword>
8. 清除缓存命令:
yum clean packages: 清除缓存目录下的软件包
yum clean headers: 清除缓存目录下的 headers
yum clean oldheaders: 清除缓存目录下旧的 headers
yum clean, yum clean all (= yum clean packages; yum clean oldheaders) : 清除缓存目录下的软件包及旧的 headers
国内 yum 源
网易 (163)yum 源是国内最好的 yum 源之一 , 无论是速度还是软件版本, 都非常的不错.
将 yum 源设置为 163 yum, 可以提升软件包安装和更新的速度, 同时避免一些常见软件版本无法找到.
- [[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
- [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ll
- total 24
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1991 Mar 28 2017 CentOS-Base.repo
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 647 Mar 28 2017 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 289 Mar 28 2017 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Mar 28 2017 CentOS-Media.repo
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7989 Mar 28 2017 CentOS-Vault.repo
- [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
- [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ll
- total 24
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1991 Mar 28 2017 CentOS-Base.repo.backup
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 647 Mar 28 2017 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 289 Mar 28 2017 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Mar 28 2017 CentOS-Media.repo
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7989 Mar 28 2017 CentOS-Vault.repo
- [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
- --2019-12-04 01:17:41-- http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
- Resolving mirrors.163.com... 59.111.0.251
- Connecting to mirrors.163.com|59.111.0.251|:80... connected.
- HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
- Length: 2006 (2.0K) [application/octet-stream]
- Saving to: "CentOS6-Base-163.repo"
- 100%[=================================================================================================================>] 2,006 --.-K/s in 0s
- 2019-12-04 01:17:42 (349 MB/s) - "CentOS6-Base-163.repo" saved [2006/2006]
- [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS6-Base-163.repo CentOS-Base.repo
- [[email protected] bin]# yum clean all
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
- Cleaning repos: base extras updates
- Cleaning up Everything
- Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
- [root@localhost bin]# yum makecache
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
- Determining fastest mirrors
- base | 3.7 kB 00:00
- base/group_gz | 242 kB 00:00
- base/filelists_db | 6.4 MB 00:02
- base/primary_db | 4.7 MB 00:01
- base/other_db | 2.8 MB 00:00
- extras | 3.4 kB 00:00
- extras/filelists_db | 24 kB 00:00
- extras/prestodelta | 2.2 kB 00:00
- extras/primary_db | 29 kB 00:00
- extras/other_db | 14 kB 00:00
- updates | 3.4 kB 00:00
- updates/filelists_db | 5.2 MB 00:06
- updates/prestodelta | 258 kB 00:00
- updates/primary_db | 7.5 MB 00:02
- updates/other_db | 330 kB 00:00
- Metadata Cache Created
- [root@localhost bin]#
实例 1
安装 pam-devel
- [[email protected] bin]# yum install pam-devel
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
- Setting up Install Process
- Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
- Resolving Dependencies
- --> Running transaction check
- ---> Package pam-devel.x86_64 0:1.1.1-24.el6 will be installed
- --> Finished Dependency Resolution
- Dependencies Resolved
- ===========================================================================================================================================================
- Package Arch Version Repository Size
- ===========================================================================================================================================================
- Installing:
- pam-devel x86_64 1.1.1-24.el6 base 205 k
- Transaction Summary
- ===========================================================================================================================================================
- Install 1 Package(s)
- Total download size: 205 k
- Installed size: 547 k
- Is this ok [y/N]: y
- Downloading Packages:
- pam-devel-1.1.1-24.el6.x86_64.rpm | 205 kB 00:00
- Running rpm_check_debug
- Running Transaction Test
- Transaction Test Succeeded
- Running Transaction
- Installing : pam-devel-1.1.1-24.el6.x86_64 1/1
- Verifying : pam-devel-1.1.1-24.el6.x86_64 1/1
- Installed:
- pam-devel.x86_64 0:1.1.1-24.el6
- Complete!
- [root@localhost bin]#
实例 2
移除 pam-devel
- [[email protected] bin]# yum remove pam-devel
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
- Setting up Remove Process
- Resolving Dependencies
- --> Running transaction check
- ---> Package pam-devel.x86_64 0:1.1.1-24.el6 will be erased
- --> Finished Dependency Resolution
- Dependencies Resolved
- ===========================================================================================================================================================
- Package Arch Version Repository Size
- ===========================================================================================================================================================
- Removing:
- pam-devel x86_64 1.1.1-24.el6 @base 547 k
- Transaction Summary
- ===========================================================================================================================================================
- Remove 1 Package(s)
- Installed size: 547 k
- Is this ok [y/N]: y
- Downloading Packages:
- Running rpm_check_debug
- Running Transaction Test
- Transaction Test Succeeded
- Running Transaction
- Erasing : pam-devel-1.1.1-24.el6.x86_64 1/1
- Verifying : pam-devel-1.1.1-24.el6.x86_64 1/1
- Removed:
- pam-devel.x86_64 0:1.1.1-24.el6
- Complete!
- [root@localhost bin]#
实例 3
利用 yum 的功能, 找出以 yum 为开头的软件名称有哪些?
- [[email protected] bin]# yum list yum*
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
- Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
- Installed Packages
- yum.noarch 3.2.29-81.el6.CentOS @anaconda-CentOS-201703281317.x86_64/6.9
- Available Packages
- yum.noarch 3.2.29-81.el6.CentOS.0.1 updates
- [root@localhost bin]#
来源: http://www.bubuko.com/infodetail-3316738.html