ip 命令是用来配置网卡 ip 信息的命令, 且是未来的趋势, 重启网卡后 IP 失效.
ip - show / manipulate routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels
语法:
ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
这一条命令几乎包含了所有使用方法, 其中
对象 OBJECT={ link | addr | addrlabel | route | rule | neigh | ntable | tunnel | maddr | mroute | mrule | monitor | xfrm | token }
选项 OPTIONS={ -V[ersion] | -s[tatistics] | -d[etails] | -r[esolve] | -h[uman-readable] | -iec | -f[amily] { .NET | inet6 | ipx | .NET | link } | -o[neline] | -t[imestamp] | -b[atch] [filename] | -rc[vbuf] [size] }
不过 COMMAND 比较长, 请使用'ip OBJECT help'查看.
剩下的如下显示:
ip [-force] -batch filename
ip 是 iproute2 软件包里面的一个强大的网络配置工具, 用来显示或操作路由, 网络设备, 策略路由和隧道, 它能够替代一些传统的网络管理工具, 例如 ifconfig,route 等. 用 ip 配置的设备信息, 大部分会在设备重启后还原, 如果想永久保留配置, 请尽量进入配置文件修改.
(1). 对象 OBJECT
link 网络设备
address 设备上的协议 (IP 或 IPv6) 地址
addrlabel 协议地址选择的标签配置
neighbour ARP 或 NDISC 缓存条目
route 路由表条目
rule 路由策略数据库中的规则
maddress 组播地址
mroute 组播路由缓存条目
tunnel IP 隧道
xfrm IPSec 协议框架
所有对象的名称可以用完整或缩写形式书写, 例如 address 可以缩写成 addr 或只是 a.
(2). 选项 OPTIONS
(1). 对象
link 网络设备
address 设备上的协议 (IP 或 IPv6) 地址
addrlabel 协议地址选择的标签配置
neighbour ARP 或 NDISC 缓存条目
route 路由表条目
rule 路由策略数据库中的规则
maddress 组播地址
mroute 组播路由缓存条目
tunnel IP 隧道
xfrm IPSec 协议框架
所有对象的名称可以用完整或缩写形式书写, 例如 address 可以缩写成 addr 或只是 a.
(2). 选项
-V,-Version 显示指令版本信息
-s,-stats,statistics 输出详细信息
-h,-human,-human-readable 输出人类可读的统计信息和后缀
-iec 以 IEC 标准单位打印人类可读速率(例如 1K=1024)
-f,-family 指定要使用的协议族. 协议族标识可以是 .NET,inet6,ipx,.NET 或 link 之一. 如果此选项不存在, 则从其他参数中推测协议族. 如果命令行的其余部分没有提供足够的信息来推测该族, 则 ip 会退回到默认值, 通常是 .NET 或 any.link 是一个特殊的系列标识符, 表示不涉及网络协议.
-4 -family .NET 的快捷方式
-6 -family inet6 的快捷方式
-0 -family link 的快捷方式
-o,-oneline 将每条记录输出到一行, 用'\'字符替换换行符.
-r,-resolve 使用系统名称解析程序来打印 DNS 名称而不是主机地址.
(3). 实例
注意: 以下介绍的 ip 命令都是临时配置, 一但重启就会还原, 如 "service network restart"
查看所有 IP 地址
1. ip a/addr/address
- [[email protected] ~]# ip a
- 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
- link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
- .NET 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
- inet6 ::1/128 scope host
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
- link/ether 08:00:27:10:a5:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
- .NET 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global eth0
- .NET 10.0.2.10/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global secondary eth0:0
- inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe10:a556/64 scope link
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- 3: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
- link/ether 08:00:27:4c:6f:ad brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
- .NET 192.168.0.109/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth3
- inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe4c:6fad/64 scope link tentative dadfailed
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- [root@oldboy ~]# ip addr
- 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
- link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
- .NET 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
- inet6 ::1/128 scope host
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
- link/ether 08:00:27:10:a5:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
- .NET 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global eth0
- .NET 10.0.2.10/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global secondary eth0:0
- inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe10:a556/64 scope link
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- 3: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
- link/ether 08:00:27:4c:6f:ad brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
- .NET 192.168.0.109/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth3
- inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe4c:6fad/64 scope link tentative dadfailed
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- [root@oldboy ~]# ip address
- 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
- link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
- .NET 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
- inet6 ::1/128 scope host
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
- link/ether 08:00:27:10:a5:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
- .NET 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global eth0
- .NET 10.0.2.10/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global secondary eth0:0
- inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe10:a556/64 scope link
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- 3: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
- link/ether 08:00:27:4c:6f:ad brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
- .NET 192.168.0.109/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth3
- inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe4c:6fad/64 scope link tentative dadfailed
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- ip a/addr/address
- 2. ip a/addr/address sh/show
- [[email protected] ~]# ip a sh
- 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
- link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
- .NET 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
- inet6 ::1/128 scope host
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
- link/ether 08:00:27:10:a5:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
- .NET 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global eth0
- .NET 10.0.2.10/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global secondary eth0:0
- inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe10:a556/64 scope link
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- 3: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
- link/ether 08:00:27:4c:6f:ad brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
- .NET 192.168.0.109/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth3
- inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe4c:6fad/64 scope link tentative dadfailed
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- [root@oldboy ~]# ip a show
- 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
- link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
- .NET 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
- inet6 ::1/128 scope host
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
- link/ether 08:00:27:10:a5:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
- .NET 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global eth0
- .NET 10.0.2.10/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global secondary eth0:0
- inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe10:a556/64 scope link
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- 3: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
- link/ether 08:00:27:4c:6f:ad brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
- .NET 192.168.0.109/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth3
- inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe4c:6fad/64 scope link tentative dadfailed
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- ip a sh/show
查看指定 IP 地址
- ip a/addr/address sh/show dev eth1
- ip a/addr/address sh/show eth1
增加或删除 IP 地址
- ip a/addr/address add 192.168.78.130/24 dev eth1
- ip a/addr/address del/delete 192.168.78.130/24 dev eth1
删除 eth1 所有 IP 地址
1. ip a flush dev eth1
删除 eth1 的所有 IPv4 的 IP 地址
1. ip -4 a flush dev eth1
查看网络设备信息
- ip link sh/show/l/list/ls
- ip link sh/show/l/ls/lsit eth1
- ip link sh/show/l/ls/list dev eth1
停止与激活网络设备
- ip link set dev eth1 down
- ip link set dev eth1 up
查看路由表
- ip r/ro/route
- ip r/ro/route sh/show
- ip r/ro/route sh/show dev eth1
添加或删除路由
- ip r/ro/route add 192.168.79.0/24 dev eth1
- ip r/ro/route d/del/delete 192.168.79.0/24
- ip r/ro/route d/del/delete 192.168.79.0/24 dev eth1
默认路由的删除, 添加与修改
- ip r/ro/route d/del/delete default
- ip r/ro/route add default via 192.168.78.1
- ip r/ro/route chg/change default via 192.168.78.2
查看 ARP 表
1. ip n/neigh/neighbuor sh/show
来源: http://www.bubuko.com/infodetail-3299022.html