一, Docker 简介
Docker http://lib.csdn.net/base/docker 两个主要部件:
Docker: 开源的容器虚拟化平台
Docker Hub: 用于分享, 管理 Docker 容器的 Docker SaaS 平台 -- Docker Hub https://registry.hub.docker.com/search?q=library
Docker 使用客户端 - 服务器 (C/S) 架构 http://lib.csdn.net/base/architecture 模式. Docker 客户端会与 Docker 守护进程进行通信. Docker 守护进程会处理复杂繁重的任务, 例如建立, 运行, 发布你的 Docker 容器. Docker 客户端和守护进程可以运行在同一个系统上, 当然你也可以使用 Docker 客户端去连接一个远程的 Docker 守护进程. Docker 客户端和守护进程之间通过 socket 或者 RESTful API 进行通信.
1.1 Docker 守护进程
如上图所示, Docker 守护进程运行在一台主机上. 用户并不直接和守护进程进行交互, 而是通过 Docker 客户端间接和其通信.
1.2 Docker 客户端
Docker 客户端, 实际上是 docker 的二进制程序, 是主要的用户与 Docker 交互方式. 它接收用户指令并且与背后的 Docker 守护进程通信, 如此来回往复.
1.3 Docker 内部
要理解 Docker 内部构建, 需要理解以下三种部件:
Docker 镜像 - Docker images
Docker 仓库 - Docker registeries
Docker 容器 - Docker containers
Docker 镜像
Docker 镜像是 Docker 容器运行时的只读模板, 每一个镜像由一系列的层 (layers) 组成. Docker 使用 UnionFS 来将这些层联合到单独的镜像中. UnionFS 允许独立文件系统中的文件和文件夹 (称之为分支) 被透明覆盖, 形成一个单独连贯的文件系统. 正因为有了这些层的存在, Docker 是如此的轻量. 当你改变了一个 Docker 镜像, 比如升级到某个程序到新的版本, 一个新的层会被创建. 因此, 不用替换整个原先的镜像或者重新建立(在使用虚拟机的时候你可能会这么做), 只是一个新 的层被添加或升级了. 现在你不用重新发布整个镜像, 只需要升级, 层使得分发 Docker 镜像变得简单和快速.
Docker 仓库
Docker 仓库用来保存镜像, 可以理解为代码控制中的代码仓库. 同样的, Docker 仓库也有公有和私有的概念. 公有的 Docker 仓库名字是 Docker Hub.Docker Hub 提供了庞大的镜像集合供使用. 这些镜像可以是自己创建, 或者在别人的镜像基础上创建. Docker 仓库是 Docker 的分发部分.
Docker 容器
Docker 容器和文件夹很类似, 一个 Docker 容器包含了所有的某个应用运行所需要的环境. 每一个 Docker 容器都是从 Docker 镜像创建的. Docker 容器可以运行, 开始, 停止, 移动和删除. 每一个 Docker 容器都是独立和安全的应用平台, Docker 容器是 Docker 的运行部分.
1.4 libcontainer
Docker 从 0.9 版本开始使用 libcontainer 替代 lxc,libcontainer 和 Linux http://lib.csdn.net/base/linux 系统的交互图如下:
- Reference
- Docker Getting Start: Related Knowledge
- $ sudo docker version
- Client version: 1.3.2
- Client API version: 1.15
- Go version (client): go1.3.3
- Git commit (client): 39fa2fa/1.3.2
- OS/Arch (client): Linux/amd64
- Server version: 1.3.2
- Server API version: 1.15
- Go version (server): go1.3.3
- Git commit (server): 39fa2fa/1.3.2
- 3.1 Search images
- $ sudo docker search Ubuntu
- 3.2 Pull images
- $ sudo docker pull Ubuntu # 获取 Ubuntu 官方镜像 $ sudo docker images # 查看当前镜像列表
- 3.3 Running an interactive shell
- $ sudo docker run -i -t Ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
- $ sudo docker ps # 查看当前运行的容器, ps -a 列出当前系统所有的容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
- 6c9129e9df10 Ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes cranky_babbage
- detach:Ctrl-P + Ctrl-Q
- attach:docker attach CONTAINER-ID
- 4.1 docker help
- docker command
- $ sudo docker # docker 命令帮助
- Commands:
- attach Attach to a running container # 当前 shell 下 attach 连接指定运行镜像
- build Build an image from a Dockerfile # 通过 Dockerfile 定制镜像
- commit Create a new image from a container's changes # 提交当前容器为新的镜像
- cp Copy files/folders from the containers filesystem to the host path
- # 从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中
- create Create a new container # 创建一个新的容器, 同 run, 但不启动容器
- diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem # 查看 docker 容器变化
- events Get real time events from the server # 从 docker 服务获取容器实时事件
- exec Run a command in an existing container # 在已存在的容器上运行命令
- export Stream the contents of a container as a tar archive
- # 导出容器的内容流作为一个 tar 归档文件[对应 import ]
- history Show the history of an image # 展示一个镜像形成历史
- images List images # 列出系统当前镜像
- import Create a new filesystem image from the contents of a tarball
- # 从 tar 包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统映像[对应 export]
- info Display system-wide information # 显示系统相关信息
- inspect Return low-level information on a container # 查看容器详细信息
- kill Kill a running container # kill 指定 docker 容器
- load Load an image from a tar archive # 从一个 tar 包中加载一个镜像[对应 save]
- login Register or Login to the docker registry server
- # 注册或者登陆一个 docker 源服务器
- logout Log out from a Docker registry server # 从当前 Docker registry 退出
- logs Fetch the logs of a container # 输出当前容器日志信息
- port Lookup the public-facing port which is NAT-ed to PRIVATE_PORT
- # 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口
- pause Pause all processes within a container # 暂停容器
- ps List containers # 列出容器列表
- pull Pull an image or a repository from the docker registry server
- # 从 docker 镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像
- push Push an image or a repository to the docker registry server
- # 推送指定镜像或者库镜像至 docker 源服务器
- restart Restart a running container # 重启运行的容器
- rm Remove one or more containers # 移除一个或者多个容器
- rmi Remove one or more images
- # 移除一个或多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像才可删除, 否则需删除相关容器才可继续或 -f 强制删除]
- run Run a command in a new container
- # 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
- save Save an image to a tar archive # 保存一个镜像为一个 tar 包[对应 load]
- search Search for an image on the Docker Hub # 在 docker hub 中搜索镜像
- start Start a stopped containers # 启动容器
- stop Stop a running containers # 停止容器
- tag Tag an image into a repository # 给源中镜像打标签
- top Lookup the running processes of a container # 查看容器中运行的进程信息
- unpause Unpause a paused container # 取消暂停容器
- version Show the docker version information # 查看 docker 版本号
- wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code
- # 截取容器停止时的退出状态值
- Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
- docker option
- Usage of docker:
- --API-enable-cors=false Enable CORS headers in the remote API # 远程 API 中开启 CORS 头
- -b, --bridge="" Attach containers to a pre-existing network bridge # 桥接网络
- use 'none' to disable container networking
- --bip=""Use this CIDR notation address for the network bridge's IP, not compatible with -b
- # 和 -b 选项不兼容, 具体没有测试过
- -d, --daemon=false Enable daemon mode # daemon 模式
- -D, --debug=false Enable debug mode # debug 模式
- --dns=[] Force docker to use specific DNS servers # 强制 docker 使用指定 dns 服务器
- --dns-search=[] Force Docker to use specific DNS search domains # 强制 docker 使用指定 dns 搜索域
- -e, --exec-driver="native" Force the docker runtime to use a specific exec driver # 强制 docker 运行时使用指定执行驱动器
- --fixed-cidr="" IPv4 subnet for fixed IPs (ex: 10.20.0.0/16)
- this subnet must be nested in the bridge subnet (which is defined by -b or --bip)
- -G, --group="docker" Group to assign the unix socket specified by -H when running in daemon mode
- use '' (the empty string) to disable setting of a group
- -g, --graph="/var/lib/docker" Path to use as the root of the docker runtime # 容器运行的根目录路径
- -H, --host=[] The socket(s) to bind to in daemon mode # daemon 模式下 docker 指定绑定方式[tcp or 本地 socket]
- specified using one or more tcp://host:port, unix:///path/to/socket, fd://* or fd://socketfd.
- --icc=true Enable inter-container communication # 跨容器通信
- --insecure-registry=[] Enable insecure communication with specified registries (no certificate verification for HTTPS and enable HTTP fallback) (e.g., localhost:5000 or 10.20.0.0/16)
- --ip="0.0.0.0" Default IP address to use when binding container ports # 指定监听地址, 默认所有 ip
- --ip-forward=true Enable.NET.ipv4.ip_forward # 开启转发
- --ip-masq=true Enable IP masquerading for bridge's IP range
- --iptables=true Enable Docker's addition of iptables rules # 添加对应 iptables 规则
- --mtu=0 Set the containers network MTU # 设置网络 mtu
- if no value is provided: default to the default route MTU or 1500 if no default route is available
- -p, --pidfile="/var/run/docker.pid" Path to use for daemon PID file # 指定 pid 文件位置
- --registry-mirror=[] Specify a preferred Docker registry mirror
- -s, --storage-driver="" Force the docker runtime to use a specific storage driver # 强制 docker 运行时使用指定存储驱动
- --selinux-enabled=false Enable selinux support # 开启 selinux 支持
- --storage-opt=[] Set storage driver options # 设置存储驱动选项
- --tls=false Use TLS; implied by tls-verify flags # 开启 tls
- --tlscacert="/root/.docker/ca.pem" Trust only remotes providing a certificate signed by the CA given here
- --tlscert="/root/.docker/cert.pem" Path to TLS certificate file # tls 证书文件位置
- --tlskey="/root/.docker/key.pem" Path to TLS key file # tls key 文件位置
- --tlsverify=false Use TLS and verify the remote (daemon: verify client, client: verify daemon) # 使用 tls 并确认远程控制主机
- -v, --version=false Print version information and quit # 输出 docker 版本信息
- 4.2 docker search
- $ sudo docker search --help
- Usage: docker search TERM
- Search the Docker Hub for images # 从 Docker Hub 搜索镜像 --automated=false Only show automated builds
- --no-trunc=false Don't truncate output
- -s, --stars=0 Only displays with at least xxx stars
- $ sudo docker search -s 100 Ubuntu # 查找 star 数至少为 100 的镜像, 找出只有官方镜像 start 数超过 100, 默认不加 s 选项找出所有相关 Ubuntu 镜像 NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
- Ubuntu Official Ubuntu base image 425 [OK]
- 4.3 docker info
- $ sudo docker info
- Containers: 1 # 容器个数 Images: 22 # 镜像个数 Storage Driver: devicemapper # 存储驱动 Pool Name: docker-8:17-3221225728-pool
- Pool Blocksize: 65.54 kB
- Data file: /data/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/data
- Metadata file: /data/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/metadata
- Data Space Used: 1.83 GB
- Data Space Total: 107.4 GB
- Metadata Space Used: 2.191 MB
- Metadata Space Total: 2.147 GB
- Library Version: 1.02.84-RHEL7 (2014-03-26) Execution Driver: native-0.2 # 存储驱动 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
- Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
- 4.4 docker pull && docker push
- $ sudo docker pull --help # pull 拉取镜像 Usage: docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG] Pull an image or a repository from the registry
- -a, --all-tags=false Download all tagged images in the repository $ sudo docker push # push 推送指定镜像 Usage: docker push NAME[:TAG] Push an image or a repository to the registry
- $ sudo docker pull Ubuntu # 下载官方 Ubuntu docker 镜像, 默认下载所有 Ubuntu 官方库镜像 $ sudo docker pull Ubuntu:14.04 # 下载指定版本 Ubuntu 官方镜像
- $ sudo docker push 192.168.0.100:5000/Ubuntu # 推送镜像库到私有源[可注册 docker 官方账户, 推送到官方自有账户] $ sudo docker push 192.168.0.100:5000/Ubuntu:14.04 # 推送指定镜像到私有源
- 4.5 docker images
- $ sudo docker images --help
- Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [NAME] List images
- -a, --all=false Show all images (by default filter out the intermediate image layers) # -a 显示当前系统的所有镜像, 包括过渡层镜像, 默认 docker images 显示最终镜像, 不包括过渡层镜像 -f, --filter=[] Provide filter values (i.e. 'dangling=true') --no-trunc=false Don't truncate output
- -q, --quiet=false Only show numeric IDs
- $ sudo docker images # 显示当前系统镜像, 不包括过渡层镜像 $ sudo docker images -a # 显示当前系统所有镜像, 包括过渡层镜像 $ sudo docker images Ubuntu # 显示当前系统 docker Ubuntu 库中的所有镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
- Ubuntu 12.04 ebe4be4dd427 4 weeks ago 210.6 MB
- Ubuntu 14.04 e54ca5efa2e9 4 weeks ago 276.5 MB
- Ubuntu 14.04-SSH 6334d3ac099a 7 weeks ago 383.2 MB
- 4.6 docker rmi
- $ sudo docker rmi --help
- Usage: docker rmi IMAGE [IMAGE...] Remove one or more images
- -f, --force=false Force removal of the image # 强制移除镜像不管是否有容器使用该镜像 --no-prune=false Do not delete untagged parents # 不要删除未标记的父镜像
- 4.7 docker run
- $ sudo docker run --help
- Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...] Run a command in a new container
- -a, --attach=[] Attach to stdin, stdout or stderr.
- -c, --CPU-shares=0 CPU shares (relative weight) # 设置 CPU 使用权重 --cap-add=[] Add Linux capabilities
- --cap-drop=[] Drop Linux capabilities
- --cidfile=""Write the container ID to the file # 把容器 id 写入到指定文件 --cpuset="" CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1) # CPU 绑定 -d, --detach=false Detached mode: Run container in the background, print new container id # 后台运行容器 --device=[] Add a host device to the container (e.g. --device=/dev/sdc:/dev/xvdc) --dns=[] Set custom dns servers # 设置 dns --dns-search=[] Set custom dns search domains # 设置 dns 域搜索 -e, --env=[] Set environment variables # 定义环境变量 --entrypoint=""Overwrite the default entrypoint of the image # ? --env-file=[] Read in a line delimited file of ENV variables # 从指定文件读取变量值 --expose=[] Expose a port from the container without publishing it to your host # 指定对外提供服务端口 -h, --hostname="" Container host name # 设置容器主机名 -i, --interactive=false Keep stdin open even if not attached # 保持标准输出开启即使没有 attached --link=[] Add link to another container (name:alias) # 添加链接到另外一个容器 --lxc-conf=[] (lxc exec-driver only) Add custom lxc options --lxc-conf="lxc.cgroup.cpuset.cpus = 0,1" -m, --memory=""Memory limit (format: <number><optional unit>, where unit = b, k, m or g) # 内存限制 --name="" Assign a name to the container # 设置容器名 --net="bridge" Set the Network mode for the container # 设置容器网络模式'bridge': creates a new network stack for the container on the docker bridge 'none': no networking for this container 'container:<name|id>': reuses another container network stack 'host': use the host network stack inside the container. Note: the host mode gives the container full access to local system services such as D-bus and is therefore considered insecure.
- -P, --publish-all=false Publish all exposed ports to the host interfaces # 自动映射容器对外提供服务的端口 -p, --publish=[] Publish a container's port to the host # 指定端口映射 format: ip:hostPort:containerPort | ip::containerPort | hostPort:containerPort (use'docker port'to see the actual mapping) --privileged=false Give extended privileges to this container # 提供更多的权限给容器 --restart="" Restart policy to apply when a container exits (no, on-failure[:max-retry], always) --rm=false Automatically remove the container when it exits (incompatible with -d) # 如果容器退出自动移除和 -d 选项冲突 --security-opt=[] Security Options
- --sig-proxy=true Proxify received signals to the process (even in non-tty mode). SIGCHLD is not proxied.
- -t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-tty # 分配伪终端 -u, --user=""Username or UID # 指定运行容器的用户 uid 或者用户名 -v, --volume=[] Bind mount a volume (e.g., from the host: -v /host:/container, from docker: -v /container) # 挂载卷 --volumes-from=[] Mount volumes from the specified container(s) # 从指定容器挂载卷 -w, --workdir="" Working directory inside the container # 指定容器工作目录
- $ sudo docker images Ubuntu
- REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
- Ubuntu 14.04 e54ca5efa2e9 4 weeks ago 276.5 MB
- ... ... $ sudo docker run -t -i -c 100 -m 512MB -h test1 -d --name="docker_test1" Ubuntu /bin/bash # 创建一个 CPU 优先级为 100, 内存限制 512MB, 主机名为 test1, 名为 docker_test1 后台运行 bash 的容器 a424ca613c9f2247cd3ede95adfbaf8d28400cbcb1d5f9b69a7b56f97b2b52e5 $ sudo docker ps
- CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
- a424ca613c9f Ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds docker_test1 $ sudo docker attach docker_test1
- [email protected]:/# pwd /
- [email protected]:/# exit exit
- dockerstart|stop|kill|restart|pause|unpause|rm|commit|inspect|logs
- docker start CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
- # 运行一个或多个停止的容器
- docker stop CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
- # 停掉一个或多个运行的容器 - t 选项可指定超时时间
- docker kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
- # 默认 kill 发送 SIGKILL 信号 - s 可以指定发送 kill 信号类型
- docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
- # 重启一个或多个运行的容器 - t 选项可指定超时时间
- docker pause CONTAINER
- # 暂停一个容器, 方便 commit
- docker unpause CONTAINER
- # 继续暂停的容器
- docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
- # 移除一个或多个容器
- -f, --force=false Force removal of running container
- -l, --link=false Remove the specified link and not the underlying container
- -v, --volumes=false Remove the volumes associated with the container
- docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
- # 提交指定容器为镜像
- -a, --author=""Author (e.g.,"John Hannibal Smith [email protected]")
- -m, --message="" Commit message
- -p, --pause=true Pause container during commit
- # 默认 commit 是暂停状态
- docker inspect CONTAINER|IMAGE [CONTAINER|IMAGE...]
- # 查看容器或者镜像的详细信息
- docker logs CONTAINER
- # 输出指定容器日志信息
- -f, --follow=false Follow log output
- # 类似 tail -f
- -t, --timestamps=false Show timestamps
- --tail="all" Output the specified number of lines at the end of logs (defaults to all logs)
- Inject new processes withdocker exec
- docker exec --help
- Usage: docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...] Run a command in an existing container
- -d, --detach=false Detached mode: run command in the background
- -i, --interactive=false Keep STDIN open even if not attached
- -t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-TTY
- $ docker create -t -i fedora bash
- 6d8af538ec541dd581ebc2a24153a28329acb5268abe5ef868c1f1a261221752
- $ docker start -a -i 6d8af538ec5
- bash-4.2#
- Security Options
- creates the docker0 bridge if not present
- # 如果 docker0 不存在则创建
- searches for an IP address range which doesn't overlap with an existing route
- # 搜索一个与当前路由不冲突的 ip 段
- picks an IP in the selected range
- # 在确定的范围中选择 ip
- assigns this IP to the docker0 bridge
- # 绑定 ip 到 docker0
- $ sudo brctl show # brctl 工具依赖 bridge-utils 软件包 bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
- docker0 8000.000000000000 no
- $ sudo ifconfig docker0
- docker0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
- .NET addr:172.17.42.1 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.0.0
- $ sudo docker run -t -i -d Ubuntu /bin/bash
- 52f811c5d3d69edddefc75aff5a4525fc8ba8bcfa1818132f9dc7d4f7c7e78b4 $ sudo brctl show
- bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
- docker0 8000.fef213db5a66 no vethQCDY1N
- ensure Docker is stopped
- # 确保 docker 的进程是停止的
- create your own bridge (bridge0 for example)
- # 创建自定义网桥
- assign a specific IP to this bridge
- # 给网桥分配特定的 ip
- start Docker with the -b=bridge0 parameter
- # 以 -b 的方式指定网桥
- # Stopping Docker and removing docker0 $ sudo service docker stop $ sudo ip link set dev docker0 down $ sudo brctl delbr docker0 # Create our own bridge $ sudo brctl addbr bridge0 $ sudo ip addr add 192.168.5.1/24 dev bridge0 $ sudo ip link set dev bridge0 up # Confirming that our bridge is up and running $ ip addr show bridge0
- 4: bridge0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state UP group default
- link/ether 66:38:d0:0d:76:18 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
- .NET 192.168.5.1/24 scope global bridge0
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever # Tell Docker about it and restart (on Ubuntu) $ echo 'DOCKER_OPTS="-b=bridge0"'>> /etc/default/docker $ sudo service docker start
- $ Git clone https://github.com/jpetazzo/pipework.git
- $ sudo cp -rp pipework/pipework /usr/local/bin/
- # brctl show
- bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
- br0 8000.000c291412cd no eth0
- docker0 8000.56847afe9799 no vetheb48029
- Ubuntu
- $ sudo service docker stop
- $ sudo ip link set dev docker0 down
- $ sudo brctl delbr docker0
- $ echo 'DOCKER_OPTS="-b=br0"'>> /etc/default/docker
- $ sudo service docker start
- CentOS 7/RHEL 7
- $ sudo systemctl stop docker
- $ sudo ip link set dev docker0 down
- $ sudo brctl delbr docker0
- $ cat /etc/sysconfig/docker | grep 'OPTIONS='
- OPTIONS=--selinux-enabled -b=br0 -H fd://
- $ sudo systemctl start docker
- pipework
- $ Git clone https://github.com/jpetazzo/pipework.git
- $ sudo cp -rp pipework/pipework /usr/local/bin/
- $ pipework
- Syntax:
- pipework <hostinterface> [-i containerinterface] <guest> <ipaddr>/<subnet>[@default_gateway] [macaddr][@vlan]
- pipework <hostinterface> [-i containerinterface] <guest> dhcp [macaddr][@vlan]
- pipework --wait [-i containerinterface]
- $ sudo docker run --rm -ti --net=none Ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
- [email protected]:/#
- $ # Ctrl-P + Ctrl-Q 回到宿主机 shell, 容器 detach 状态
- $ sudo docker ps
- CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
- a46657528059 Ubuntu:14.04 "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes hungry_lalande
- $ sudo pipework br0 -i eth0 a46657528059 192.168.115.10/[email protected]
- # 默认不指定网卡设备名, 则默认添加为 eth1
- # 另外 pipework 不能添加静态路由, 如果有需求则可以在 run 的时候加上 --privileged=true 权限在容器中手动添加,
- # 但这种安全性有缺陷, 可以通过 ip netns 操作
- $ sudo docker attach a46657528059
- [email protected]:/# ifconfig eth0
- eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 86:b6:6b:e8:2e:4d
- .NET addr:192.168.115.10 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.0
- inet6 addr: fe80::84b6:6bff:fee8:2e4d/64 Scope:Link
- UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
- RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
- TX packets:9 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
- collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
- RX bytes:648 (648.0 B) TX bytes:690 (690.0 B)
- [email protected]:/# route -n
- Kernel IP routing table
- Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
- 0.0.0.0 192.168.115.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
- 192.168.115.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
- $ docker inspect --format="{{ .State.Pid }}" a46657528059 # 获取指定容器 pid
- 6350
- $ sudo ln -s /proc/6350/ns.NET /var/run/netns/6350
- $ sudo ip netns exec 6350 ip route add 192.168.0.0/16 dev eth0 via 192.168.115.2
- $ sudo ip netns exec 6350 ip route # 添加成功
- 192.168.0.0/16 via 192.168.115.2 dev eth0
- ... ...
- FROM
- MAINTAINER
- RUN
- CMD
- EXPOSE
- ENV
- ADD
- COPY
- ENTRYPOINT
- VOLUME
- USER
- WORKDIR
- ONBUILD
- 7.1 FROM
- RUN
- RUN "executable", "param1", "param2" http://opskumu.github.io/exec form
- CMD "executable","param1","param2"
- CMD "param1","param2"
- CMD command param1 param2 (shell form)
- 7.4 EXPOSE
- EXPOSE <port> [<port>...]
- 7.5 ENV
- ENV <key> <value> # 只能设置一个变量
- ENV <key>=<value> ... # 允许一次设置多个变量
- ENV myName John Doe
- ENV myDog Rex The Dog
- ENV myCat fluffy
- 7.6 ADD
- ADD <src>... <dest>
- ADD hom*/mydir/ # adds all files starting with "hom"
- ADD hom?.txt /mydir/ # ? is replaced with any single character
- 7.7 COPY
- COPY <src>... <dest>
- 7.8 ENTRYPOINT
- ENTRYPOINT "executable", "param1", "param2"
- ENTRYPOINT command param1 param2 (shell form)
- FROM Ubuntu
- ENTRYPOINT ["top", "-b"]
- CMD ["-c"]
- FROM debian:stable
- RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --force-yes apache2
- EXPOSE 80 443
- VOLUME ["/var/www", "/var/log/apache2", "/etc/apache2"]
- ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/sbin/apache2ctl", "-D", "FOREGROUND"]
- FROM Ubuntu
- ENTRYPOINT exec top -b
- FROM Ubuntu
- ENTRYPOINT top -b
- CMD --ignored-param1 # --ignored-param2 ... --ignored-param3 ... 依此类推
- 7.9 VOLUME
- VOLUME ["/data"]
- 7.10 USER
- USER daemon
- 7.11 WORKDIR
- WORKDIR /path/to/workdir
- WORKDIR /a
- WORKDIR b
- WORKDIR c
- RUN pwd
- ENV DIRPATH /path
- WORKDIR $DIRPATH/$DIRNAME
- 7.12 ONBUILD
- ONBUILD [INSTRUCTION]
- [...]
- ONBUILD ADD . /App/src
- ONBUILD RUN /usr/local/bin/python-build --dir /App/src
- [...]
- # Automatically run the following
- ADD . /App/src
- RUN /usr/local/bin/python-build --dir /App/src
- 7.13 Dockerfile Examples
- # Nginx
- #
- # VERSION 0.0.1
- FROM Ubuntu
- MAINTAINER Victor Vieux <[email protected]>
- RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y inotify-tools nginx apache2 openssh-server
- # Firefox over VNC
- #
- # VERSION 0.3
- FROM Ubuntu
- # Install vnc, xvfb in order to create a 'fake' display and Firefox
- RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y x11vnc xvfb Firefox
- RUN mkdir ~/.vnc
- # Setup a password
- RUN x11vnc -storepasswd 1234 ~/.vnc/passwd
- # Autostart Firefox (might not be the best way, but it does the trick)
- RUN bash -c 'echo"firefox">> /.bashrc'
- EXPOSE 5900
- CMD ["x11vnc", "-forever", "-usepw", "-create"]
- # Multiple images example
- #
- # VERSION 0.1
- FROM Ubuntu
- RUN echo foo> bar
- # Will output something like ===> 907ad6c2736f
- FROM Ubuntu
- RUN echo moo> oink
- # Will output something like ===> 695d7793cbe4
- # You?ll now have two images, 907ad6c2736f with /bar, and 695d7793cbe4 with
- # /oink.
- 7.14 docker build
- $ docker build --help
- Usage: docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -
- Build a new image from the source code at PATH
- --force-rm=false Always remove intermediate containers, even after unsuccessful builds # 移除过渡容器, 即使构建失败
- --no-cache=false Do not use cache when building the image # 不实用 cache
- -q, --quiet=false Suppress the verbose output generated by the containers
- --rm=true Remove intermediate containers after a successful build # 构建成功后移除过渡层容器
- -t, --tag="" Repository name (and optionally a tag) to be applied to the resulting image in case of success
- ENV PG_MAJOR 9.3
- ENV PG_VERSION 9.3.4
- RUN curl -SL http://example.com/postgres-$PG_VERSION.tar.xz | tar -xJC /usr/src/postgress && ...
- ENV PATH /usr/local/postgres-$PG_MAJOR/bin:$PATH
- ADD http://example.com/big.tar.xz /usr/src/things/
- RUN tar -xJf /usr/src/things/big.tar.xz -C /usr/src/things
- RUN make -C /usr/src/things all
- $ sudo docker run --name data -v /data -t -i Ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash # 创建数据卷绑定到到新建容器, 新建容器中会创建 /data 数据卷 bash-4.1# ls -ld /data/
- drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 23 06:59 /data/
- bash-4.1# df -Th
- Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
- ... ...
- ext4 91G 4.6G 82G 6% /data
- $ sudo docker inspect data
- ... ... "Volumes": {
- "/data": "/var/lib/docker/vfs/dir/151de401d268226f96d824fdf444e77a4500aed74c495de5980c807a2ffb7ea9"
- }, # 可以看到创建的数据卷宿主机路径 ... ...
- $ sudo docker inspect --format="{{ .Volumes }}" data
- map[/data: /var/lib/docker/vfs/dir/151de401d268226f96d824fdf444e77a4500aed74c495de5980c807a2ffb7ea9]
- $ sudo docker run --name Web -v /source/:/Web -t -i Ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
- bash-4.1# ls -ld /Web/
- drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 23 06:59 /Web/
- bash-4.1# df -Th
- ... ...
- ext4 91G 4.6G 82G 6% /Web
- bash-4.1# exit
- $ sudo docker run --rm --volumes-from test -v $(pwd):/backup Ubuntu:14.04 tar cvf /backup/test.tar /test
- tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
- /test/
- /test/b
- /test/d
- /test/c
- /test/a
- $ sudo docker run -d -t -i --name test Ubuntu:14.04 bash
- $ sudo docker inspect --format="{{ .Nmae }}" test
- /test
- $ sudo docker inspect -f "{{ .HostConfig.Links }}" Web
- [/db:/Web/db]
- DB_NAME=/web2/db
- DB_PORT=tcp://172.17.0.5:5432
- DB_PORT_5432_TCP=tcp://172.17.0.5:5432 # <name>_PORT_<port>_<protocol> 协议可以是 TCP 或 UDP
- DB_PORT_5432_TCP_PROTO=tcp
- DB_PORT_5432_TCP_PORT=5432
- DB_PORT_5432_TCP_ADDR=172.17.0.5
- $ sudo docker run -t -i --rm --link db:db training/webapp /bin/bash
- [email protected]:/opt/webapp# cat /etc/hosts
- 172.17.0.7 aed84ee21bde
- $ Git clone https://github.com/dotcloud/docker-registry.git
- $ cd docker-registry/
- $ cp config/config_sample.YAML config/config.YAML
- $ mkdir /data/registry -p
- $ pip install .
- Docker-Registry README
- Docker-Registry advanced use
来源: http://www.bubuko.com/infodetail-3091962.html