1. 最基本的关心两个选项 -c -n
例: ./ab -c 100 -n 10000 http://127.0.0.1/index.php
-c 100 即: 每次并发 100 个
-n 10000 即: 共发送 10000 个请求
需了解几个关于压力测试的概念
吞吐率 (Requests per second)
概念: 服务器并发处理能力的量化描述, 单位是 reqs/s, 指的是某个并发用户数下单位时间内处理的请求数. 某个并发用户数下单位时间内能处理的最大请求数, 称之为最大吞吐率.
计算公式: 总请求数 / 处理完成这些请求数所花费的时间, 即
Request per second = Complete requests / Time taken for tests
并发连接数 (The number of concurrent connections)
概念: 某个时刻服务器所接受的请求数目, 简单的讲, 就是一个会话.
并发用户数 (The number of concurrent users,Concurrency Level)
概念: 要注意区分这个概念和并发连接数之间的区别, 一个用户可能同时会产生多个会话, 也即连接数.
用户平均请求等待时间 (Time per request)
计算公式: 处理完成所有请求数所花费的时间 / (总请求数 / 并发用户数), 即
Time per request = Time taken for tests /( Complete requests / Concurrency Level)
服务器平均请求等待时间 (Time per request: across all concurrent requests)
计算公式: 处理完成所有请求数所花费的时间 / 总请求数, 即
Time taken for / testsComplete requests
可以看到, 它是吞吐率的倒数.
同时, 它也 = 用户平均请求等待时间 / 并发用户数, 即
- Time per request / Concurrency Level
- Usage: ab [options] [http[s]://]hostname[:port]/path
- Options are:
- -n requests Number of requests to perform // 请求链接数
- -c concurrency Number of multiple requests to make at a time // 表示并发数
- -t timelimit Seconds to max. to spend on benchmarking
- This implies -n 50000
- -s timeout Seconds to max. wait for each response
- Default is 30 seconds
- -b windowsize Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes
- -B address Address to bind to when making outgoing connections
- -p postfile File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T
- -u putfile File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T
- -T content-type Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.
- 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
- Default is 'text/plain'
- -v verbosity How much troubleshooting info to print
- -w Print out results in html tables
- -i Use HEAD instead of GET
- -x attributes String to insert as table attributes
- -y attributes String to insert as tr attributes
- -z attributes String to insert as td or th attributes
- -C attribute Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234'. (repeatable)
- -H attribute Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip'
- Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)
- -A attribute Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes
- are a colon separated username and password.
- -P attribute Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes
- are a colon separated username and password.
- -X proxy:port Proxyserver and port number to use
- -V Print version number and exit
- -k Use HTTP KeepAlive feature
- -d Do not show percentiles served table.
- -S Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.
- -q Do not show progress when doing more than 150 requests
- -l Accept variable document length (use this for dynamic pages)
- -g filename Output collected data to gnuplot format file.
- -e filename Output CSV file with percentages served
- -r Don't exit on socket receive errors.
- -h Display usage information (this message)
- -Z ciphersuite Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)
- -f protocol Specify SSL/TLS protocol
- (SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2 or ALL)
示例详解
- Concurrency Level: 100 // 并发请求数
- Time taken for tests: 50.872 seconds // 整个测试持续的时间
- Complete requests: 1000 // 完成的请求数
- Failed requests: 0 // 失败的请求数
- Total transferred: 13701482 bytes // 整个场景中的网络传输量
- HTML transferred: 13197000 bytes // 整个场景中的 HTML 内容传输量
- Requests per second: 19.66 [#/sec] (mean) // 吞吐率, 大家最关心的指标之一, 相当于 LR 中的每秒事务数, 后面括号中的 mean 表示这是一个平均值
- Time per request: 5087.180 [ms] (mean) // 用户平均请求等待时间, 大家最关心的指标之二, 相当于 LR 中的平均事务响应时间, 后面括号中的 mean 表示这是一个平均值
- Time per request: 50.872 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) // 服务器平均请求处理时间, 大家最关心的指标之三
- Transfer rate: 263.02 [Kbytes/sec] received // 平均每秒网络上的流量, 可以帮助排除是否存在网络流量过大导致响应时间延长的问题
来源: http://www.bubuko.com/infodetail-3065515.html