Docker 常用命令 -- 容器
1. 新建并启动容器
docker run [option] images [command][arg] #根据镜像新建容器并运行. 如果本地没有镜像则从 docker hub 上拉取.
--name 为容器指定名称.
-d 后台运行容器, 并返回容器 id
-i 交互模式运行容器, 通常与 -t 同时用
-t 为容器分配伪输入终端.
-P 随机端口映射
-p 指定端口映射, 有以下四种格式
- ip:hostport:ContainerPort
- ip::containerPort
- HostPort:ContainerPort
- ContainerPort
- docker run CentOS #创建 / 运行 / 退出容器
- docker run -t CentOS #创建容器, 并进入伪终端, 但不能操作. ctrl+c 退出, 容器不退出.
- docker run -it CentOS
- docker run -it --name mycentos CentOS
- docker run -d CentOS #以后台进程方式创建容器并运行, 但因为没有可交互的前台进程, 所以又被立刻终止. 故 docker ps 看不到.
- [[email protected] ~]# docker images
- REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
- Redis latest a55fbf438dfd 8 days ago 95MB
- MySQL latest 7bb2586065cd 8 days ago 477MB
- nginx latest 2bcb04bdb83f 8 days ago 109MB
- CentOS latest 9f38484d220f 2 weeks ago 202MB
- hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 3 months ago 1.84kB
- docker run -it 9f38484d220f #启动交互式容器
- [[email protected] /]# ps -ef
- UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
- root 1 0 0 02:23 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
- root 16 1 0 02:23 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
- [[email protected] /]# exit
- exit
- [[email protected] ~]# docker ps
- CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
- [[email protected] ~]# docker ps -a
- CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
- 8e0ffee781f1 9f38484d220f "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago pensive_lumiere
- 3af63c5c69c6 hello-world "/hello" 42 hours ago Exited (0) 42 hours ago pensive_dubinsky
- [[email protected] ~]# docker rename 8e0ffee781f1 mycentos
- [[email protected] ~]# docker start mycentos
- mycentos
- [[email protected] ~]# docker ps
- CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
- 8e0ffee781f1 9f38484d220f "/bin/bash" 40 minutes ago Up 6 seconds mycentos
- [[email protected] ~]# docker stats mycentos
- CONTAINER ID NAME CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK I/O PIDS
- 8e0ffee781f1 mycentos 0.00% 380KiB / 991.2MiB 0.04% 656B / 0B 0B / 0B 1
- [[email protected] ~]# docker top mycentos
- UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
- root 4675 4659 0 10:44 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
- [[email protected] ~]# docker attach mycentos
不关容器, 安全退出: ctrl +p ctrl+q
- [[email protected] ~]# docker ps -l
- CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
- 8e0ffee781f1 9f38484d220f "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Up 2 hours mycentos
- [[email protected] ~]# docker images CentOS
- REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
- CentOS latest 9f38484d220f 2 weeks ago 202MB
- [[email protected] ~]# docker run -it --name mycentos01 CentOS #重新打开一个容器, 并命名为 mycentos01
- [[email protected] ~]# docker ps
- CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
- ed1315df6320 CentOS "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute mycentos01
- 8e0ffee781f1 9f38484d220f "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Up 2 hours mycentos
2. 列出容器
docker ps -a 显示当前或曾经打开的容器
docker ps -l 显示上一次运行的容器
docker ps -n 3 显示上 3 次运行的容器
docker ps -ql 只显示上一次运行的容器 ID
3. 退出容器
- exit #退出并关闭容器
- ctrl+p,crl+q #退出但不关闭容器
4. 停止容器
docker stop 容器 ID 或 name
docker stop -t n 容器 ID 或 name # Seconds to wait for stop before killing it (default 10) 杀掉容器前等待多少秒 (默认 10s)
直接关闭
docker kill 容器 ID 或 name
- [[email protected] ~]# docker stop mycentos mycentos01 #同时停止多个容器
- mycentos
- mycentos01
- [[email protected] ~]# docker ps
- CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4. 启动容器
docker start 容器 ID 或 name
docker restart 容器 ID 或 name
- [[email protected] ~]# docker start mycentos mycentos01
- mycentos
- mycentos01
- [[email protected] ~]# docker ps
- CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
- ed1315df6320 CentOS "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Up 36 seconds mycentos01
- 8e0ffee781f1 9f38484d220f "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Up 36 seconds mycentos
5. 重启容器
docker restart 容器 ID 或 name
6. 删除停止运行的容器
docker rm 容器 ID 或 name
docker rm -f 强制删除容器, 即使在运行
- docker rm -f $(docker ps -qa) # 删除全部容器
- docker ps -qa | xargs docker rm # 删除全部已停止容器
docker rmi 删除镜像
- [[email protected] ~]# docker ps -n2
- CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
- ed1315df6320 CentOS "/bin/bash" 23 minutes ago Exited (137) 7 minutes ago mycentos01
- 8e0ffee781f1 9f38484d220f "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Exited (137) 8 minutes ago mycentos
- [[email protected] ~]# docker rm mycentos01
- mycentos01
- [[email protected] ~]# docker ps -n2
- CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
- 8e0ffee781f1 9f38484d220f "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Exited (137) 9 minutes ago mycentos
- 3af63c5c69c6 hello-world "/hello" 45 hours ago Exited (0) 45 hours ago pensive_dubinsky
7. 查看所有容器的实时资源占用情况
docker stats
8. 查看容器日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 10 容器 ID 或 name
-f 持续刷新最新日志
-t 显示时间戳
--tail 显示最后几行
- [[email protected] ~]# docker run -d --name mycentos1 CentOS
- ba18b348bd9857bde9b25a62d848d6239c1c7c0de302a8bc279185a758efd861
- [[email protected] ~]# docker ps
- CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
- [[email protected] ~]# docker run -d --name mycentos2 CentOS /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo Hello World;sleep 3;done"
- 21494ef841e27c69877afaf1a0be5ae2bb7d32d6862eb7bfa1e6eb237f04efa3
- [[email protected] ~]# docker ps
- CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
- 21494ef841e2 CentOS "/bin/bash -c'while..." 2 seconds ago Up 2 seconds mycentos2
- [[email protected] ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 5 21494ef841e2
- 2019-04-04T07:37:43.721260403Z Hello World
- 2019-04-04T07:37:46.721904929Z Hello World
- 2019-04-04T07:37:49.723204790Z Hello World
- 2019-04-04T07:37:52.724042843Z Hello World
- 2019-04-04T07:37:55.725116649Z Hello World
- ...
9. 查看容器内进程
docker top 容器 ID 或 name
- [[email protected] ~]# docker run -d CentOS /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo Nihao;sleep 2 ;done"
- 4768a70886fcb74cdf00cb19d142fb503a18d2390406dc31ad533d697b423f46
- [[email protected] ~]# docker ps
- CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
- 4768a70886fc CentOS "/bin/bash -c'while..." 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds affectionate_cori
- [[email protected] ~]# docker top 4768a70886fc
- UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
- root 9379 9364 0 15:48 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash -c while true;do echo Nihao;sleep 2 ;done
- root 9427 9379 0 15:48 ? 00:00:00 sleep 2
10. 查看容器细节
docker inspect 容器 ID 或 name
- [[email protected] ~]# docker inspect 4768a70886fc
- [
- {
- "Id": "4768a70886fcb74cdf00cb19d142fb503a18d2390406dc31ad533d697b423f46",
- "Created": "2019-04-04T07:48:20.460764642Z",
- "Path": "/bin/bash",
- "Args": [
- "-c",
- "while true;do echo Nihao;sleep 2 ;done"
- ],
- "State": {
- "Status": "running",
- "Running": true,
- "Paused": false,
- "Restarting": false,
- ....
11. 进入容器
docker attach 容器 ID 或 name
docker exec -t -w -u -e 容器 ID 或 name 命令 # 功能更强大, 也能实现登陆容器内部
- -d, --detach Detached mode: run command in the background
- -e, --env list Set environment variables
- -i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached
- -t, --tty Allocate a pseudo-TTY
- -u, --user string Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
- -w, --workdir string Working directory inside the container
- [[email protected] ~]# docker exec -t -w /tmp -uroot -e LANG=en 4768a70886fc ls
- ks-script-eC059Y yum.log
- [[email protected] ~]# docker exec 4768a70886fc ls /tmp
- ks-script-eC059Y
- yum.log
- [[email protected] ~]# docker exec -it 4768a70886fc ls /tmp
- ks-script-eC059Y yum.log
- [[email protected] ~]# docker exec -it 4768a70886fc /bin/bash
- [[email protected] /]# ls
- anaconda-post.log bin dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
- 12. docker cp
Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem 在本地系统和容器间 copy 文件或文件夹
- [[email protected] ~]# docker cp anaconda-ks.cfg 4768a70886fc:/home
- [[email protected] ~]# docker exec 4768a70886fc ls /home
- anaconda-ks.cfg
- [[email protected] ~]# docker exec -it 4768a70886fc ls /tmp
- ks-script-eC059Y yum.log
- [[email protected] ~]# docker cp 4768a70886fc:/tmp/yum.log /tmp
- [[email protected] ~]# ls -l /tmp
总用量 8
-rw-------. 1 root root 0 3 月 6 01:34 yum.log
docker run -d /bin/bash -c 的注意点
重启 docker 后, 会继续执行创建 docker 时指定的脚本.
相当于该容器运行的是 镜像 + shell 的组合模板.
docker attach 登陆容器后, 如果 command 命令是前台进程就会一直执行, 而不能做其他操作.
来源: http://www.bubuko.com/infodetail-3012022.html