一. 准备工作
1 删除本地 CentOS7 中的 mariadb:
查看系统中是否已安装 mariadb 服务:
rpm -qa | grep mariadb
或
yum list installed | grep mariadb
如果已安装则删除 mariadb 及其依赖的包:
yum -y remove mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.CentOS.x86_64
关闭防火墙:
- firewall-cmd --state #查看防火墙状态
- systemctl stop firewalld.service #关闭防火墙
- systemctl is-enabled firewalld.service;echo $? #查看防火墙是否开机自启
- systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止防火墙开机启动
MySQL 依赖于 libaio 库, 安装 libaio
- yum search libaio
- yum install libaio
2. 下载安装包
- mkdir /data
- cd /data/
- yum -y install wget
- wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
3. 解压, 重命名
- tar -zxvf MySQL-5.7.20-Linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /data
- mv /data/MySQL-5.7.20-Linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /data/mysql57
- mkdir MySQL #数据目录与安装目录分离, 便于以后 MySQL 升级
二. 安装 MySQL
1. 添加用户和组
- groupadd MySQL
- useradd MySQL -g MySQL
2. 配置文件
/etc/my.cnf
主要参数及取值如下:
- (相关取值, 请根据实际环境做调整, 如内存配置参数等)
- #######
- [client]
- socket = /data/MySQL/data/MySQL.sock
- default-character-set=utf8mb4
- #loose-local-infile=0
- [mysqld]
- log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
- secure_file_priv='/tmp'
- ########dir settings########
- basedir = /data/mysql57
- datadir = /data/MySQL/data
- pid-file = /data/MySQL/data/MySQL.pid
- socket = /data/MySQL/data/MySQL.sock
- tmpdir = /data/MySQL/tmp
- log-bin = /data/MySQL/mysql_log/MySQL-bin
- log-error = /data/MySQL/mysql_log/MySQL.err
- general_log_file=/data/MySQL/mysql_log/MySQL.genlog
- slow_query_log_file = /data/MySQL/mysql_log/mysql_slow_new.log
- relay_log = /data/MySQL/mysql_log/relay.log
- ########server setting#######
- #sql_mode = "ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"
- server-id = 2022
- port = 3306
- character-set-server=utf8mb4
- collation_server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
- lower_case_table_names = 0
- skip_name_resolve = 1
- #max_connect_errors = 1000
- max_connections = 2000
- thread_cache_size=256
- #thread_stack= 262144
- #back_log=80
- max_allowed_packet = 134217728
- event_scheduler = 1
- local-infile=0
- # lower_case_table_names = 1
- explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
- expire_logs_days = 15
- log_bin_trust_function_creators =1
- ####.frm/.ibd files qty related
- open_files_limit=65535
- innodb_open_files=65535
- table_open_cache=65535
- table_definition_cache=65535
- #### seesion buffer related
- read_buffer_size = 262144
- read_rnd_buffer_size = 524288
- sort_buffer_size = 8388608
- join_buffer_size = 8388608
- ####memory table size
- tmp_table_size =67108864
- max_heap_table_size=67108864
- ####timeout
- interactive_timeout = 1800
- wait_timeout = 1800
- # connect_timeout=10
- ########slow query ########
- slow_query_log = 1
- log_slow_slave_statements = 1
- log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1
- log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 10
- long_query_time = 1
- #min_examined_row_limit = 10000
- ########innodb settings########
- innodb_buffer_pool_size = 193273528320
- innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 16
- innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 40
- innodb_lru_scan_depth = 2048
- innodb_page_cleaners = 16
- #innodb_purge_threads = 4
- innodb_sort_buffer_size = 67108864
- #innodb_file_per_table = 1
- #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
- innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1
- innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3
- innodb_max_undo_log_size = 2147483648
- innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency = 128
- innodb_log_file_size = 1073741824
- innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
- innodb_log_buffer_size = 16777216
- innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
- innodb_flush_neighbors = 0
- innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1
- innodb_strict_mode = 1
- #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
- innodb_io_capacity = 32768
- innodb_io_capacity_max = 65536
- innodb_thread_concurrency = 32
- innodb_write_io_threads = 8
- innodb_read_io_threads = 8
- ########replication settings########
- master_info_repository = TABLE
- relay_log_info_repository = TABLE
- gtid_mode = on
- enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
- binlog_gtid_simple_recovery=1
- relay_log_recovery = 1
- slave-parallel-type = LOGICAL_CLOCK
- slave-parallel-workers = 16
- slave_transaction_retries=128
- slave_preserve_commit_order=1
- log_slave_updates=1
- binlog_format = ROW
- log_timestamps=system
- binlog_rows_query_log_events = 1
- binlog_row_image='full'
- slave_skip_errors = ddl_exist_errors
- ########semi sync replication settings########
- ##plugin_dir=/data/MySQL/plugin/
- #plugin_load = "rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so"
- #rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1
- #rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 5000
- #rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1
- [mysqldump]
- quick
说明:
请一定记得上面 配置模板文件中的 server-id 参数一定要修改.
否则在配置 主从复制, 或者 MHA 时会报错.
例如错误信息 :
2018-10-09T16:13:53.205115+08:00 11 [ERROR] [MY-013117] [Repl] Slave I/O for channel '': Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server ids; these ids must be different for replication to work (or the --replicate-same-server-id option must be used on slave but this does not always make sense; please check the manual before using it). Error_code: MY-013117
3. 创建目录并授权
- cd /data/MySQL
- mkdir mysql_log
- chown -R MySQL.MySQL mysql_log/
- mkdir tmp
- chown -R MySQL.MySQL tmp/
说明:
有时候, 可能我们只是将 MySQL 的二进制文件从其它的服务器 Copy 至本地.
例如我们在安装 MYSQL8.0 时, 安装文件从其它的服务, Copy 到本地, 文件命名为 mysql80. 如下图:
此时还需要执行以下权限, 所以 我手动增加了一下权限, 执行代码如下:
chmod -R 755 /data/mysql80/bin/
4. 初始化 MySQL
/data/mysql57/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user=MySQL --basedir=/data/mysql57 --datadir=/data/MySQL/data
说明:
主参数 --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf 必须紧接在 mysqld 后面, 如果做第二个以后的参数加入时, 则会出现报错:
[ERROR] unknown variable 'defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf'!
注意密码: 5.7 初始化后会生成一个临时密码, 存在 MySQL.err
[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: XXXXXXXX
也就是 root@localhost: 后的字符串.
5. 添加到 MySQL 启动脚本到系统服务, 并且设置开启启动
cp -a /data/mysql57/support-files/MySQL.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
设置开机启动和检查是否成功
- chkconfig mysqld on
- chkconfig --list | grep mysqld
6. 创建 MySQL 软链接至 / usr/bin 下
ln -s /data/mysql57/bin/MySQL /usr/bin
7. 启动 MySQL 服务
service mysqld start
说明:
如果还是使用的 Copy 文件的方式, 例如我们前面 Copy 的 mysql80 二进制文件, 此处就会报错:
此时 还要执行以下赋权命令 :
chmod -R 755 ./MySQL.server (这个文件是 /data/mysql80/support-files)
和
chmod -R 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
8. 登录 MySQL, 修改 root 密码
- MySQL -uroot -pXXXXXXX
- MySQL> set password=password('XXXXXXX2');
说明 :
MySQL 8.0 是报错的:
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'password('XXXXX')' at line 1
在登录 MySQL, 修改 root 密码时, 使用就方法 SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD('[新密码]') 报错.
查看网上的相关解释为:
以前版本的 MySQL 的密码认证插件是 "mysql_native_password", 而现在使用的是 "caching_sha2_password".
解决方案:
- ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '新密码';
- FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
来源: http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2018-12/156009.htm