这里有新鲜出炉的精品教程, 程序狗速度看过来!
Spring Framework 开源 j2ee 框架
Spring 是什么呢? 首先它是一个开源的项目, 而且目前非常活跃; 它是一个基于 IOC 和 AOP 的构架多层 j2ee 系统的框架, 但它不强迫你必须在每一层 中必须使用 Spring, 因为它模块化的很好, 允许你根据自己的需要选择使用它的某一个模块; 它实现了很优雅的 MVC, 对不同的数据访问技术提供了统一的接口, 采用 IOC 使得可以很容易的实现 bean 的装配, 提供了简洁的 AOP 并据此实现 Transcation Managment, 等等
本篇文章主要介绍了使用 Maven 搭建 SpringMVC 项目的步骤(图文教程), 非常具有实用价值, 需要的朋友可以参考下
约定电脑都安装了 eclipse, 且已配置好 Maven 以及 eclipse 插件
- Eclipse
- maven
3.Eclipse 需要安装 maven 插件 url:maven - http://download.eclipse.org/technology/m2e/releases
1 新建一个 Maven Project
2 选择工作空间
3 搭建 web 工程, 我们选择 maven-archetype-webapp 类型
4 填写项目参数, 如图
5 以上步骤完成时的工程结构目录
6 可以查看或修改发布目录
7 确保勾选上 Dynamic Web Module 和 Java
8 完成以上步骤, 我们的工程就是一个 Web 项目了, 接着我们赋予工程的 springmvc 特性, 配置 web.xml, 使其具有 springmvc 特性, 主要配置两处, 一个是 ContextLoaderListener, 一个是 DispatcherServlet 代码如下:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
- http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
- <!-- 配置 web.xml, 使其具有 springmvc 特性, 主要配置两处, 一个是 ContextLoaderListener, 一个是 DispatcherServlet -->
- <context-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
- <param-value>classpath*:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
- </context-param>
- <!-- 配置 ContextLoaderListener 表示, 该工程要以 spring 的方式启动启动时会默认在 / WEB-INF 目录下查找 applicationContext.xml
- 作为 spring 容器的配置文件, 该文件里可以初始化一些 bean -->
- <listener>
- <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
- </listener>
- <!-- 字符集过滤器 -->
- <filter>
- <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
- <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>encoding</param-name>
- <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
- </init-param>
- </filter>
- <filter-mapping>
- <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
- <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
- </filter-mapping>
- <!-- spring mvc 配置 -->
- <!-- 配置 DispatcherServlet 表示, 该工程将采用 springmvc 的方式启动时也会默认在 / WEB-INF 目录下查找 XXX-servlet.xml 作为配置文件,
- XXX 就是 DispatcherServlet 的名字, 该文件中将配置两项重要的 mvc 特性: HandlerMapping, 负责为 DispatcherServlet 这个前端控制器的请求查找 Controller;
- ViewResolver, 负责为 DispatcherServlet 查找 ModelAndView 的视图解析器
- 此处使用指定的配置文件 spring-mvc.xml -->
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>contacts</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
- <!--<param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/spring-mvc-servlet.xml</param-value>-->
- <param-value>classpath*:/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
- </init-param>
- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>contacts</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- <welcome-file-list>
- <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
- </welcome-file-list>
- </web-app>
9 配置 ContextLoaderListener 表示, 该工程要以 spring 的方式启动启动时会默认在 / WEB-INF 目录下查找 applicationContext.xml 作为 spring 容器的配置文件, 这里可以初始化一些 bean, 如 DataSource 等代码如下:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
- xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd">
- <!-- bean definitions here -->
- <context:component-scan base-package="cn.jxufe" />
- <!-- 配置读取外部配置文件 -->
- <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />
- <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
- destroy-method="close" p:driverClassName="${jdbc.driverClassName}"
- p:url="${jdbc.url}" p:username="${jdbc.username}" p:password="${jdbc.password}" />
- <context:annotation-config /> <!-- 此行语句使得 resource autowired 等四个注解可以使用 -->
- <!-- 实例化 jdbcTemplate, 同时注入数据源 -->
- <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"
- p:dataSource-ref="dataSource" />
- <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
- <bean id="txManager"
- class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
- <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
- </bean>
- <!-- 事务扫描开始(开启 @Tranctional) -->
- <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager" />
- </beans>
10 配置 DispatcherServlet 表示, 该工程将采用 springmvc 的方式启动时也会默认在 / WEB-INF 目录下查找 XXX- servlet.xml 作为配置文件, XXX 就是 DispatcherServlet 的名字, 该文件中将配置两项重要的 mvc 特性: ViewResolver, 负责为 DispatcherServlet 查找 ModelAndView 的视图解析器这里我们使用指定的 xml 配置文件 spring-mvc.xml, 代码如下:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd"default-lazy-init="true">
- <!-- 启动事务添加配置 -->
- <context:component-scan base-package="cn.jxufe">
- <!-- 排除扫描 service 标签 -->
- <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Service"/>
- </context:component-scan>
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
- <!-- 注册 JASON 转换器 -->
- <property name="messageConverters">
- <list>
- <ref bean="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"/>
- <ref bean="utf8StringHttpMessageConverter"/>
- </list>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter">
- <property name="supportedMediaTypes">
- <list>
- <value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value>
- <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
- <value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
- </list>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="utf8StringHttpMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
- <property name="supportedMediaTypes">
- <list>
- <value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value>
- <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
- <value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
- </list>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
- <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
- <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
- <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
- </bean>
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.LocaleChangeInterceptor"></bean>
- <!-- 当配置了 < mvc:annotation-driven/>后, 会自动加载 org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping 和
- org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter, 所以如果显示的配置则需去掉配置 < mvc:annotation-driven/> -->
- <!--<mvc:annotation-driven/>-->
- </beans>
11 配置 pom.xml 文件, 让 maven 自动配置 jar 包, 代码如下
- <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
- <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
- <groupId>cn.jxufe</groupId>
- <artifactId>SpringMVC-Maven</artifactId>
- <packaging>war</packaging>
- <version>1.0</version>
- <name>SpringMVC-Maven Maven Webapp</name>
- <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
- <properties>
- <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
- <spring.version>3.1.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
- </properties>
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>junit</groupId>
- <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
- <version>3.8.1</version>
- <scope>test</scope>
- </dependency>
- <!-- spring begin -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
- <version>${spring.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
- <version>${spring.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
- <version>${spring.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
- <version>${spring.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
- <version>${spring.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
- <version>${spring.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <!-- spring end -->
- <!-- web jar -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
- <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
- <version>3.0.1</version>
- <scope>provided</scope>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
- <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
- <version>1.1.2</version>
- <scope>provided</scope>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
- <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
- <version>2.3.1</version>
- <scope>provided</scope>
- </dependency>
- <!-- jackson jar -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
- <artifactId>jackson-jaxrs</artifactId>
- <version>1.9.11</version>
- </dependency>
- <!-- commons jar -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
- <version>3.3.2</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
- <version>2.4</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
- <version>4.0</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
- <version>1.1.3</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
- <version>1.8</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>
- <version>1.8.3</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>commons-chain</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-chain</artifactId>
- <version>1.2</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
- <version>1.3.1</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-math3</artifactId>
- <version>3.3</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>
- <version>2.2</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-digester3</artifactId>
- <version>3.2</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>commons-net</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-net</artifactId>
- <version>3.3</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>commons-dbutils</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-dbutils</artifactId>
- <version>1.5</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-email</artifactId>
- <version>1.3.3</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
- <version>1.4</version>
- </dependency>
- <!-- jstl jar -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>jstl</groupId>
- <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
- <version>1.2</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
- <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
- <version>1.1.2</version>
- </dependency>
- <!-- 日志相关 -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>log4j</groupId>
- <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
- <version>1.2.16</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
- <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
- <version>1.7.5</version>
- </dependency>
- <!-- 验证码 kaptcha -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.google.code</groupId>
- <artifactId>kaptcha</artifactId>
- <version>2.3.0</version>
- </dependency>
- <!-- mysql -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>mysql</groupId>
- <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
- <version>5.1.31</version>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
- <build>
- <finalName>SpringMVC-Maven</finalName>
- </build>
- </project>
12 完成以上步骤后, 可以继续配置 jdbc.propertieslog4j.properties 等文件至此 SpringMVC 项目搭建完成, 工程结构如下图:
13 代码我都会托管到 GibHub 上, 有需要的朋友可以查看 GitHub
来源: http://www.phperz.com/article/18/0310/353367.html