一.
1 写一个 HttpRequestUtils 工具类, 包括 post 请求和 get 请求
- package com.brainlong.framework.util.httpclient;
- import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
- import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpStatus;
- import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
- import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
- import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
- import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
- import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
- import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
- import org.slf4j.Logger;
- import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.net.URLDecoder;
- public class HttpRequestUtils {
- private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpRequestUtils.class);
- // 日志记录 /** * httpPost * @param url 路径 * @param jsonParam 参数 * @return */
- public static JSONObject httpPost(String url, JSONObject jsonParam) {
- return httpPost(url, jsonParam, false);
- }
- /** * post 请求 * @param url url 地址 * @param jsonParam 参数 * @param noNeedResponse 不需要返回结果 * @return */
- public static JSONObject httpPost(String url, JSONObject jsonParam, boolean noNeedResponse) {
- //post 请求返回结果
- DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
- JSONObject jsonResult = null;
- HttpPost method = new HttpPost(url);
- try {
- if (null != jsonParam) {
- // 解决中文乱码问题
- StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonParam.toString(), "utf-8");
- entity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
- entity.setContentType("application/json");
- method.setEntity(entity);
- }
- HttpResponse result = httpClient.execute(method);
- url = URLDecoder.decode(url, "UTF-8");
- /** 请求发送成功, 并得到响应 **/
- if (result.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
- String str = "";
- try {
- /** 读取服务器返回过来的 json 字符串数据 **/
- str = EntityUtils.toString(result.getEntity());
- if (noNeedResponse) {
- return null;
- }
- /** 把 json 字符串转换成 json 对象 **/
- jsonResult = JSONObject.fromObject(str);
- } catch(Exception e) {
- logger.error("post 请求提交失败:" + url, e);
- }
- }
- } catch(IOException e) {
- logger.error("post 请求提交失败:" + url, e);
- }
- return jsonResult;
- }
- /** * 发送 get 请求 * @param url 路径 * @return */
- public static JSONObject httpGet(String url) {
- //get 请求返回结果
- JSONObject jsonResult = null;
- try {
- DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
- // 发送 get 请求
- HttpGet request = new HttpGet(url);
- HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);
- /** 请求发送成功, 并得到响应 **/
- if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
- /** 读取服务器返回过来的 json 字符串数据 **/
- String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
- /** 把 json 字符串转换成 json 对象 **/
- jsonResult = JSONObject.fromObject(strResult);
- url = URLDecoder.decode(url, "UTF-8");
- } else {
- logger.error("get 请求提交失败:" + url);
- }
- } catch(IOException e) {
- logger.error("get 请求提交失败:" + url, e);
- }
- return jsonResult;
- }
- }
2 写业务代码发送 Http 请求
3MVC 配置文件设置 Controller 扫描目录
- <!-- 自动扫描且只扫描 @Controller -->
- <context:component-scan base-package="com.wiselong.multichannel" use-default-filters="false">
- <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
- </context:component-scan>
4 接收 Http 请求
接收 post 请求
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping(value = "/api/platform/exceptioncenter/exceptioninfo")
- public class ExceptionInfoController {
- // 注入
- @Autowired
- private ExceptionInfoBiz exceptionInfoBiz;
- /**
- * 创建异常信息请求
- * @param requestBody 请求消息内容
- * @param request 请求消息头
- * @return jsonObject
- */
- @RequestMapping(
- value="/create",
- method = RequestMethod.POST
- )
- public ModelAndView createExceptionInfo(@RequestBody String requestBody, HttpServletRequest request) {
- JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(requestBody);
- ComExceptionInfo comExceptionInfo = new ComExceptionInfo();
- comExceptionInfo.setProjectName(jsonObject.getString("projectName"));
- comExceptionInfo.setTagName(jsonObject.getString("tagName"));
- exceptionInfoBiz.insert(comExceptionInfo);
- // 返回请求结果
- JSONObject result= new JSONObject();
- result.put("success", "true");
- return new ModelAndView("", ResponseUtilsHelper.jsonSuccess(result.toString()));
- }
- }
接收 get 请求
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping(value="/api/platform/messagecenter/messages/sms")
- public class SmsController {
- @Autowired
- SmsSendBiz smsSendBiz;
- /**
- * 接收手机号码和内容往短信发送表插入一条记录
- * @param requestbody 请求消息内容
- * @param request 请求消息头
- * @return jsonObject
- */
- @RequestMapping(
- value="/send",
- method= RequestMethod.GET
- )
- public ModelAndView sendSms(@RequestBody String requestbody, HttpServletRequest request) {
- // 获取请求 URL 及 url 后面传输的参数
- String url = request.getRequestURL() + "?" + request.getQueryString();
- url = BuildRequestUrl.decodeUrl(url);
- String telePhone = RequestUtils.getStringValue(request, "telePhone");
- String content = RequestUtils.getStringValue(request, "content");
- smsSendBiz.insertTtMsQuequ(telePhone,content);
- return new ModelAndView("", ResponseUtilsHelper.jsonResult("", true));
- }
- }
二.
- get
- import java.io.BufferedReader;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.io.InputStreamReader;
- import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
- import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethod;
- import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
- public class H_client_get {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
- // new 类对象
- HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
- // 使用 GET 方法 与 URL 服务器进行交互
- // HttpMethod method = new GetMethod("http://192.168.111.128/bak/regist.php?email=admin@admin.com&password=1234567&re_password=1234567&username=admin&nickname = 管理员");
- HttpMethod method = new GetMethod("http://192.168.111.128/bak/login.php?username=");
- // 使用 GET 方法 , 实行与 url 服务器连接
- client.executeMethod(method);
- // 数据流输出
- // method.getResponseBodyAsStream 创建字节流对象为 inputStream
- InputStream inputStream = method.getResponseBodyAsStream();
- // InputStreamReader(inputStream)字节流转换成字符流 BufferedReader 封装成带有缓冲的字符流对象了
- BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream,"UTF-8"));
- // StringBuffer 是字符串变量, 它的对象是可以扩充和修改的 创建一个空的 StringBuffer 类的对象
- StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
- // 定义字符串常量
- String str= "";
- // br 字符流赋值给 str 字符串常量 str 不等于空 按行输出
- while((str = br.readLine()) != null){
- // StringBuffer 是字符串变量, 它的对象是可以扩充和修改的 将 str 数据赋予 stringBuffer
- stringBuffer .append(str );
- }
- // 按照字符串循环输出 stringBuffer
- System.out.println(stringBuffer.toString());
- // 关闭 method 的 httpclient 连接
- method.releaseConnection();
- }
- }
- post
- import java.io.BufferedReader;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.io.InputStreamReader;
- import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
- import org.apache.commons.httpclient. * ;
- public class H_client_post {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
- HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
- PostMethod method = new PostMethod("http://192.168.111.128/bak/login_post.php");
- // 表单域的值, 既 post 传入的 key=value
- NameValuePair[] date = { new NameValuePair("username", "admin"),
- new NameValuePair("password", "123457")
- };
- //method 使用表单阈值
- method.setRequestBody(date);
- // 提交表单
- client.executeMethod(method);
- // 字符流转字节流 循环输出, 同 get 解释
- InputStream inputStream = method.getResponseBodyAsStream();
- BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "UTF-8"));
- StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
- String str = "";
- while ((str = br.readLine()) != null) {
- stringBuffer .append(str );
- }
- System.out.println(stringBuffer.toString());
- method.releaseConnection();
- }
- }
三.
Http 协议的重要性相信不用我多说了, HttpClient 相比传统 JDK 自带的 URLConnection, 增加了易用性和灵活性(具体区别, 日后我们再讨论), 它不仅是客户端发送 Http 请求变得容易, 而且也方便了开发人员测试接口(基于 Http 协议的), 即提高了开发的效率, 也方便提高代码的健壮性因此熟练掌握 HttpClient 是很重要的必修内容, 掌握 HttpClient 后, 相信对于 Http 协议的了解会更加深入
一简介
HttpClient 是 Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目, 用来提供高效的最新的功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包, 并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议 HttpClient 已经应用在很多的项目中, 比如 Apache Jakarta 上很著名的另外两个开源项目 Cactus 和 HTMLUnit 都使用了 HttpClient
二特性
1. 基于标准纯净的 java 语言实现了 Http1.0 和 Http1.1
2. 以可扩展的面向对象的结构实现了 Http 全部的方法(GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE)
3. 支持 HTTPS 协议
4. 通过 Http 代理建立透明的连接
5. 利用 CONNECT 方法通过 Http 代理建立隧道的 https 连接
6. Basic, Digest, NTLMv1, NTLMv2, NTLM2 Session, SNPNEGO/Kerberos 认证方案
7. 插件式的自定义认证方案
8. 便携可靠的套接字工厂使它更容易的使用第三方解决方案
9. 连接管理器支持多线程应用支持设置最大连接数, 同时支持设置每个主机的最大连接数, 发现并关闭过期的连接
10. 自动处理 Set-Cookie 中的 Cookie
11. 插件式的自定义 Cookie 策略
12. Request 的输出流可以避免流中内容直接缓冲到 socket 服务器
13. Response 的输入流可以有效的从 socket 服务器直接读取相应内容
14. 在 http1.0 和 http1.1 中利用 KeepAlive 保持持久连接
15. 直接获取服务器发送的 response code 和 headers
16. 设置连接超时的能力
17. 实验性的支持 http1.1 response caching
18. 源代码基于 Apache License 可免费获取
三使用方法
使用 HttpClient 发送请求接收响应很简单, 一般需要如下几步即可
1. 创建 HttpClient 对象
2. 创建请求方法的实例, 并指定请求 URL 如果需要发送 GET 请求, 创建 HttpGet 对象; 如果需要发送 POST 请求, 创建 HttpPost 对象
3. 如果需要发送请求参数, 可调用 HttpGetHttpPost 共同的 setParams(HetpParams params)方法来添加请求参数; 对于 HttpPost 对象而言, 也可调用 setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数
4. 调用 HttpClient 对象的 execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求, 该方法返回一个 HttpResponse
5. 调用 HttpResponse 的 getAllHeaders()getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头; 调用 HttpResponse 的 getEntity()方法可获取 HttpEntity 对象, 该对象包装了服务器的响应内容程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容
6. 释放连接无论执行方法是否成功, 都必须释放连接
四实例
- package com.test;
- import java.io.File;
- import java.io.FileInputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
- import java.security.KeyManagementException;
- import java.security.KeyStore;
- import java.security.KeyStoreException;
- import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
- import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
- import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
- import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
- import org.apache.http.ParseException;
- import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
- import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
- import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
- import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
- import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
- import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
- import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts;
- import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;
- import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
- import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
- import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;
- import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;
- import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
- import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
- import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
- import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
- import org.junit.Test;
- public class HttpClientTest {
- @Test
- public void jUnitTest() {
- get();
- }
- /**
- * HttpClient 连接 SSL
- */
- public void ssl() {
- CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;
- try {
- KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
- FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore"));
- try { 54.
- // 加载 keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore
- trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray());
- } catch (CertificateException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- try {
- instream.close();
- } catch (Exception ignore) {
- }
- }
- // 相信自己的 CA 和所有自签名的证书
- SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build();
- // 只允许使用 TLSv1 协议
- SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null,
- SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
- httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
- // 创建 http 请求(get 方式)
- HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
- System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine());
- CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
- try {
- HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
- System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
- System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
- if (entity != null) {
- System.out.println("Response content length:" + entity.getContentLength());
- System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));
- EntityUtils.consume(entity);
- }
- } finally {
- response.close();
- }
- } catch (ParseException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (KeyManagementException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (KeyStoreException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- if (httpclient != null) {
- try {
- httpclient.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * post 方式提交表单(模拟用户登录请求)
- */
- public void postForm() {
- // 创建默认的 httpClient 实例.
- CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
- // 创建 httppost
- HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
- // 创建参数队列
- List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>();
- formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin"));
- formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));
- UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
- try {
- uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
- httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
- System.out.println("executing request" + httppost.getURI());
- CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
- try {
- HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
- if (entity != null) {
- System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
- System.out.println("Response content:" + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));
- System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
- }
- } finally {
- response.close();
- }
- } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
- e1.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- // 关闭连接, 释放资源
- try {
- httpclient.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * 发送 post 请求访问本地应用并根据传递参数不同返回不同结果
- */
- public void post() {
- // 创建默认的 httpClient 实例.
- CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
- // 创建 httppost
- HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
- // 创建参数队列
- List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>();
- formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house"));
- UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
- try {
- uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
- httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
- System.out.println("executing request" + httppost.getURI());
- CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
- try {
- HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
- if (entity != null) {
- System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
- System.out.println("Response content:" + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));
- System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
- }
- } finally {
- response.close();
- }
- } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
- e1.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- // 关闭连接, 释放资源
- try {
- httpclient.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * 发送 get 请求
- */
- public void get() {
- CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
- try {
- // 创建 httpget.
- HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");
- System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getURI());
- // 执行 get 请求.
- CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
- try {
- // 获取响应实体
- HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
- System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
- // 打印响应状态
- System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
- if (entity != null) {
- // 打印响应内容长度
- System.out.println("Response content length:" + entity.getContentLength());
- // 打印响应内容
- System.out.println("Response content:" + EntityUtils.toString(entity));
- }
- System.out.println("------------------------------------");
- } finally {
- response.close();
- }
- } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (ParseException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- // 关闭连接, 释放资源
- try {
- httpclient.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * 上传文件
- */
- public void upload() {
- CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
- try {
- HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action");
- FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg"));
- StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
- HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build();
- httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);
- System.out.println("executing request" + httppost.getRequestLine());
- CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
- try {
- System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
- System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
- HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
- if (resEntity != null) {
- System.out.println("Response content length:" + resEntity.getContentLength());
- }
- EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);
- } finally {
- response.close();
- }
- } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- try {
- httpclient.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }</namevaluepair></namevaluepair></namevaluepair></namevaluepair>
来源: http://www.phperz.com/article/18/0221/359493.html