一 Tomcat 介绍
Tomcat 是 Apache 软件基金会 (Apache Software Foundation) 的 Jakarta 项目中的一个核心项目, 有 Apache Sun 和其他一些公司以及个人共同开发而成
java 程序写的网站用 Tomcat+jdk 来运行
Tomcat 是一个中间件, 真正起作用的, 解析 java 脚本的是 JDK
JDK(java development kit)是整个 java 的核心, 它包含了 java 运行环境和一堆 java 相关的工具 以及 java 基础库
最主流的 jdk 为 Sun 公司发布的 JDK, 除此之外, 其实 IBM 公司也有发布 JDK,CentOS 上也可以用 yum 安装 openjdk
二 JDK 下载安装
1. 下载 JDK
官方地址: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html
- root@docker ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
- [root@docker src]# wget http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u161-b12/2f38c3b165be4555a1fa6e98c45e0808/jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz
- --2018-02-09 21:35:28-- http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u161-b12/2f38c3b165be4555a1fa6e98c45e0808/jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz
- Resolving download.oracle.com (download.oracle.com)... 23.1.162.118
- Connecting to download.oracle.com (download.oracle.com)|23.1.162.118|:80... connected.
- HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Moved Temporarily
- Location: https://edelivery.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u161-b12/2f38c3b165be4555a1fa6e98c45e0808/jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz [following]
- --2018-02-09 21:35:28-- https://edelivery.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u161-b12/2f38c3b165be4555a1fa6e98c45e0808/jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz
- Resolving edelivery.oracle.com (edelivery.oracle.com)... 184.50.91.58, 2600:1417:76:19a::2d3e, 2600:1417:76:181::2d3e
- Connecting to edelivery.oracle.com (edelivery.oracle.com)|184.50.91.58|:443... connected.
- HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Moved Temporarily
- Location: http://download.oracle.com/errors/download-fail-1505220.html [following]
- --2018-02-09 21:35:30-- http://download.oracle.com/errors/download-fail-1505220.html
- Connecting to download.oracle.com (download.oracle.com)|23.1.162.118|:80... connected.
- HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
- Length: 5307 (5.2K) [text/html]
- Saving to: jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz
- 100%[===================================================================================================================>] 5,307 --.-K/s in 0s
- 2018-02-09 21:35:30 (21.6 MB/s) - jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz saved [5307/5307]
- [root@docker src]# ll
- total 8
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5307 Mar 21 2012 jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz
- [root@docker src]# tar -zxvf jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz
- gzip: stdin: not in gzip format
- tar: Child returned status 1
- tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now
2. 解压报错, 查看文件类型发现, 通过上面的下载 jdk 的方式得到的是一个 HTML document
- [root@docker src]# file jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz
- jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz: HTML document, ASCII text, with very long lines, with CRLF line terminators
解决办法:
下载安装包并上传
解压后, 把服务移动重 mingming
- [root@docker src]# tar -zxvf jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz
- [root@docker src]# ll
- total 185312
- drwxr-xr-x. 8 10 143 255 Dec 20 08:24 jdk1.8.0_161
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 189756259 Feb 9 21:46 jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz
- [root@docker src]# mv jdk1.8.0_161/ /usr/local/jdk1.8
3. 编辑 / etc/profile 配置文件, 把下面配置文件写入文件底端
- JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8/
- JAVA_BIN=/usr/local/jdk1.8/bin
- JRE_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8/jre
- PATH=$PATH=:/usr/local/jdk1.8/bin:/usr/local/jdk1.8/jre/bin
如截图所示
4. 加载 / etc/profile 配置文件, 使该文件立即生效
source /etc/profile
5. 查看 java 版本
- [root@docker src]# java -version
- openjdk version "1.8.0_151"
- OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_151-b12)
- OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.151-b12, mixed mode)
6. 查看当前系统是否安装其他版本的 jdk
- [root@docker src]# rpm -qa |grep jdk
- copy-jdk-configs-2.2-5.el7_4.noarch
- java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.151-5.b12.el7_4.x86_64
- java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.151-5.b12.el7_4.x86_64
三安装 Tomcat
1. 下载安装包, 并上传到 Linux 环境
2. 把 tomcat 软件包放在指定的目录并解压
- [root@docker ~]# mv apache-tomcat-8.5.27.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
- [root@docker ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
- [root@docker src]# ll
- total 194628
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9536557 Feb 10 06:35 apache-tomcat-8.5.27.tar.gz
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 189756259 Feb 9 21:46 jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz
- [root@docker src]# tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.27.tar.gz
3. 把 tomcat 解压后的目录文件移动重命名, 方便管理服务
- [root@docker src]# mv apache-tomcat-8.5.27 /usr/local/tomcat
- [root@docker src]# ll
- total 194628
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9536557 Feb 10 06:35 apache-tomcat-8.5.27.tar.gz
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 189756259 Feb 9 21:46 jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz
4. 启动 tomcat
- [root@docker src]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
- Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
- Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
- Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
- Using JRE_HOME: /
- Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
- Tomcat started.
5. 查看 tomcat 服务进程是否启动
- [root@docker src]# ps -ef |grep tomcat
- root 12810 1 18 06:51 pts/0 00:00:05 //bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomca -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
- root 12892 12625 0 06:52 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat
6. 关闭 tomcat 服务
- [root@docker src]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
- Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
- Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
- Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
- Using JRE_HOME: /
- Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
- [root@docker src]# !ps
- ps -ef |grep tomcat
- root 12966 12625 0 06:53 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat
7. 查看 tomca 监听的端口
- [root@docker src]# netstat -nlp |grep java
- tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 12984/java
- tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:8005 :::* LISTEN 12984/java
- tcp6 0 0 :::8009 :::* LISTEN 12984/java
8. 可在浏览器登录 tomcat 页面, 前提是需要关闭防火墙或者放行 tomcat 的访问端口 8080
- [root@docker src]# iptables -F
- [root@docker src]# iptables -X
- [root@docker src]# iptables -Z
特别说明: tomcat 会用到三个端口, 8080 提供 web 服务的端口 ,8005 为管理端口 8009 是为第三方服务调用的端口, 如 httpd 和 Tomcat 结合时使用
四配置 Tomcat 监听端口为 80
1. 默认情况下, tomcat 会使用 808080058009 三个端口, 8080 端口是提供 web 服务的
- [root@docker src]# netstat -nlp | grep java
- tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 12984/java
- tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:8005 :::* LISTEN 12984/java
- tcp6 0 0 :::8009 :::* LISTEN 12984/java
2. 当我们想要直接使用域名或者 IP 直接访问网站, 不需要添加端口的话, 只能把 tomcat 的监听端口修改为 80, 编辑 Tomcat 的配置文件 /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml 配置文件
3. 先关闭 tomcat 服务, 再重启服务
- [root@docker src]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
- Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
- Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
- Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
- Using JRE_HOME: /
- Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
- [root@docker src]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
- Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
- Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
- Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
- Using JRE_HOME: /
- Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
- Tomcat started.
4. 查看 tomcat 的监听端口是否为 80
- [root@docker src]# netstat -nlp |grep java
- tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 13427/java ##tomcat 监听端口修改成 80
- tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:8005 :::* LISTEN 13427/java
- tcp6 0 0 :::8009 :::* LISTEN 13427/java
5. 此时在浏览器直接输入主机 IP 就可以访问 tomcat 服务
来源: http://www.bubuko.com/infodetail-2493752.html