VNC作为一种非常成熟使用方便的远程桌面系统,使用非常广泛
首先要注意在安装Redhat的时候要安装图形化界面GNU——KDE和FTP服务器
安装VNC的过程非常简单
1、首先将光盘放入光驱,观察光驱的挂载点,然后将本地的yum源指向光驱。
假设现在的光驱挂载点为 /run/media/alex/RHEL-7.2 Server.x86_64/,太长了所以我使用软连接把这个目录连接到了/opt/rhel下面(ln -s /run/media/alex/RHEL-7.2\ Server.x86_64/ /opt/rhel),那么现在需要在/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下建立一个新文件,rhel-source.repo,内容如下。
- [base]
- name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Source
- baseurl=file:///opt/rhel
- enabled=1
- gpgcheck=1
- gpgkey=file:///opt/rhel/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
这个文件就指明了一个名为“base”的yum源,它指向光盘(并非光盘里面的Packages文件夹),使用baseurl=file...这种方式可以指向本地的文件。同时这里也可以支持http或者ftp格式,可以在局域网内搭建yum源服务器。
同时gpg证书也指向光盘中的gpg证书。注意如果光盘不是自动挂载的,或者你只有一个.iso文件,那么也可以把这个.iso文件上传到Redhat服务器上,然后使用mount -o loop xxx.iso的方式进行挂载。
配置完成之后刷新一下yum
- yum clean all
- yum update
如果配置的路径正确,那么此处会更新yum源,如果路径填写错误或者挂载出现问题,跑不了几行就会报ERROR
有了光盘的yum源之后再安装就轻而易举了,首先检查一下VNC是否被安装过了
- rpm - qa vnc *
如果没有输出说明没有被安装过,那么我们现在就可以安装了
- yum - y install vnc *
如果你之前yum配置的没有问题,那么此时安装应该是非常顺畅
- 依赖关系解决
- ====================================================================================================================================================
- Package 架构 版本 源 大小
- ====================================================================================================================================================
- 正在安装:
- tigervnc x86_64 1.3.1-3.el7 base 210 k
- tigervnc-server x86_64 1.3.1-3.el7 base 202 k
- 为依赖而安装:
- fltk x86_64 1.3.0-13.el7 base 654 k
- tigervnc-icons noarch 1.3.1-3.el7 base 35 k
- 事务概要
- ====================================================================================================================================================
- 安装 2 软件包 (+2 依赖软件包)
- 总下载量:1.1 M
- 安装大小:2.6 M
安装完毕之后,配置一个密码就可以用了。下面这个密码就是客户端连接所用的密码,和本地user的密码可以不同
- vncpasswd
下面就可以启动VNC服务器了,注意当前命令行是哪个用户那么远程登录之后就是哪个用户,权限也是一致的
- vncserver
每次执行都会新建一个vnc服务端,第一个使用5901端口,第二个5902以此类推。
windows做客户端的话,只需要安装一个VNCViewer,填入IP和端口,写上上面录入的密码就可以登录图形化界面
安装FTP不复杂,但是装FTP主要就是为了在SSH之外查看和修改服务器上的文件的,一般都会做成匿名访问,拥有很高的权限,可以查看,修改,删除任意一个服务器上的文件。主要任务就是修改配置文件/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf,修改后如下
- # Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
- #
- # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
- # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
- # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
- #
- # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
- # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
- # capabilities.
- #
- # Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
- anonymous_enable=YES
- local_root=/
- chroot_local_user=YES
- anon_root=/
- #
- # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
- # When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
- local_enable=YES
- #
- # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
- write_enable=YES
- #
- # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
- # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
- local_umask=022
- #
- # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
- # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
- # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
- # When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
- anon_upload_enable=YES
- anon_world_readable_only=NO
- anon_umask=022
- anon_other_write_enable=YES
- #
- # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
- # new directories.
- anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
- #
- # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
- # go into a certain directory.
- dirmessage_enable=YES
- #
- # Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
- xferlog_enable=YES
- #
- # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
- connect_from_port_20=YES
- #
- # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
- # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
- # recommended!
- chown_uploads=YES
- #chown_username=whoever
- #
- # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
- # below.
- #xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
- #
- # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
- # Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
- xferlog_std_format=YES
- #
- # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
- #idle_session_timeout=600
- #
- # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
- #data_connection_timeout=120
- #
- # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
- # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
- #nopriv_user=ftpsecure
- #
- # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
- # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
- # however, may confuse older FTP clients.
- #async_abor_enable=YES
- #
- # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
- # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
- # mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
- # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
- # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
- # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
- # raw file.
- # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
- #ascii_upload_enable=YES
- #ascii_download_enable=YES
- #
- # You may fully customise the login banner string:
- #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
- #
- # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
- # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
- #deny_email_enable=YES
- # (default follows)
- #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
- #
- # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
- # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
- # users to NOT chroot().
- # (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
- # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
- # chroot)
- #chroot_local_user=YES
- #chroot_list_enable=YES
- # (default follows)
- #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
- #
- # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
- # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
- # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
- # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
- #ls_recurse_enable=YES
- #
- # When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
- # listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
- # with the listen_ipv6 directive.
- listen=NO
- #
- # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
- # on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
- # and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
- # sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
- # addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
- # files.
- # Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
- listen_ipv6=YES
- pam_service_name=vsftpd
- userlist_enable=YES
- tcp_wrappers=YES
启动vsftpd的命令是:
- service vsftpd restart
但是光这样是无法像root一样访问服务器的,因为对于RedHat还有一个selinux用来加强安全的,必须要关闭它
方法1:修改/etc/selinux/config文件中的SELINUX="" 为 disabled ,然后重启。
方法2:用命令setenforce 0,无需重启。(setenforce的格式:setenforce [ Enforcing | Permissive | 1 | 0 ])
然后就可以自由的操作FTP了。
如果你不想任何一个人通过浏览器就可以匿名访问你的FTP主机,那么可以加上下面两行,只允许除root以外的限定用户通过账号密码登录
- userlist_deny=NO
- userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list
然后你可以修改/etc/vsftpd/user_list来限定访问的用户,注意考虑/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers这个文件里面记录了黑名单。
最后要注意要对相应的要通过FTP传输的文件赋予相关访问权限。
比如如下三个文件:
-rw-------. 1 root root 126 9\u6708 12 18:39 ftpusers
-rw-------. 1 root root 366 9\u6708 12 18:41 user_list
-rw-------. 1 root root 5206 9\u6708 12 19:08 vsftpd.conf
-rwxr--rw-. 1 root root 338 8\u6708 3 2015 vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh
那么对于FTP用户来说,只能读取 vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh这一个文件,其余三个文件均无法读写。原因是
-rw------- 前三个是文件所有者的权限,中间三个是与文件所有者同组的权限,最后三位是其他用户的权限,FTP属于其他用户(如果你使用Linux的用户登录,那么要注意是否同组的问题),所以最后三位需要为rw-,一般执行如下命令
- chmod o+r+w -R /xxx/xxx/*
意思就是对于其他用户(o)对某个目录下所有文件和递归后的文件,全部添加r和w权限,当然这样也是比较危险的。
另外RedHat安装完毕之后会自动打开防火墙,封锁除22以外的所有端口,所以还需要把防火墙暂时关闭
- systemctl stop firewalld
永久关闭
- systemctl disable firewalld
开启防火墙
- systemctl enable firewalld
来源: http://blog.csdn.net/lvshaorong/article/details/77935494