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CentOS(Community Enterprise Operating System,中文意思是:社区企业操作系统)是 Linux 发行版之一,它是来自于 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 依照开放源代码规定释出的源代码所编译而成。
本篇文章主要介绍了 Centos7/RHEL7 双网卡绑定的方法,小编觉得挺不错的,现在分享给大家,也给大家做个参考。一起跟随小编过来看看吧
1. 简要
双网卡绑定技术在 centos7 中使用了 teaming 技术,而在 rhel6/centos7 中使用的是 bonding 技术,在 centos7 中双网卡绑定既能使用 teaming 也可以使用 bonding,这里推荐使用 teaming 技术,方便与查看和监控。
2. 原理
这里介绍两种最常见的双网卡绑定模式:
(1) roundrobin - 轮询模式
所有链路处于负载均衡状态,这种模式的特点增加了带宽,同时支持容错能力。
(2) activebackup - 主备模式
一个网卡处于活动状态,另一个处于备份状态,所有流量都在主链路上处理,当活动网卡 down 掉时,启用备份网卡。
3. 基础环境
系统:centos7
在 centos7 中,关闭虚拟机添加网卡,再开启虚拟机,系统是不会自动生成网卡的配置文件:
在 centos7 中要生成网卡配置文件的方法很简单,使用如下命令:
- # 查看物理网卡信息
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli dev
- DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
- eno16777736 ethernet connected eno16777736
- eno33554984 ethernet connected Wired connection 1
- eno50332208 ethernet connected Wired connection 2
- lo loopback unmanaged --
上面的信息可以看到,一共有四张网卡,其中 lo 是本地回环网卡,另外三张为物理网卡。
- # 查看网卡连接信息
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con sh
- NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
- Wired connection 2 9a1314bf-d273-406a-930a-dc4160dee4ec 802-3-ethernet eno50332208
- Wired connection 1 47eef4a3-7fa4-4a73-83ef-1485bda9b950 802-3-ethernet eno33554984
- eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736
上面的信息可以查看到一共有 3 个连接,其中两个有线连接,表示没有设置过的网卡连接,还有一个 enoxx 连接。接下来要修改两个有线连接的命名方法,并生成网卡配置文件:
- # 首先,删除两个无用的有线连接
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con del 9a1314bf-d273-406a-930a-dc4160dee4ec
- Connection 'Wired connection 2' (9a1314bf-d273-406a-930a-dc4160dee4ec) successfully deleted.
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con del 47eef4a3-7fa4-4a73-83ef-1485bda9b950
- Connection 'Wired connection 1' (47eef4a3-7fa4-4a73-83ef-1485bda9b950) successfully deleted.
- # 再次创建新的连接并生成配置文件
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli conn add type ethernet con-name eno50332208 ifname eno50332208
- Connection 'eno50332208' (eea2a115-63f8-4f33-be84-12559f02542c) successfully added.
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli conn add type ethernet con-name eno33554984 ifname eno33554984
- Connection 'eno33554984' (32d2389e-4e82-4419-9d18-5aff8f0be003) successfully added.
- # 最后,查看下
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con sh
- NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
- eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736
- eno33554984 32d2389e-4e82-4419-9d18-5aff8f0be003 802-3-ethernet eno33554984
- eno50332208 eea2a115-63f8-4f33-be84-12559f02542c 802-3-ethernet eno50332208
- [root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno*
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 394 Nov 26 05:59 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno16777736
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 288 Dec 26 08:44 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno33554984
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 288 Dec 26 08:44 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno50332208
网络连接和配置文件都成功生成了。 接下来通过 eno33554984 和 eno50332208 使用 teaming 模式进行双网卡绑定
4. roundrobin 模式:
roundrobin 模式也称为轮询模式,它 基于每一个包 ,当某一台服务器的两张网卡设置为 roundrobin 模式 teaming,此时服务器发出的数据包,就会在两个物理网卡上进行轮询,即第一个数据包走一张网卡,第二个数据包走第二张网卡,依次轮询。
注意:
(1)roundrobin 具有容错性,当一张网卡 down 掉,数据包依然发送成功。
(2)在使用 roundrobin 模式必须要在交换机上做以太通道,不然会出现网络无法连通。
实际操作:
- # 使用nmcli命令操作,创建team接口team0,同时设置teaming模式为roundrobin
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team con-name team0 ifname team0 config '{"runner":{"name": "roundrobin"}}'
- Connection 'team0' (9dc48bd6-54b9-48db-b7dd-ecf34ae9196f) successfully added.
- # 给接口team0设置ip地址
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con modify team0 ipv4.address '10.0.0.2/24' ipv4.gateway '10.0.0.1'
- # 设置为手动模式,取消DHCP
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con modify team0 ipv4.method manual
- # 将两张物理网卡加入到team中
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team-slave con-name team0-port1 ifname eno33554984 master team0
- Connection 'team0-port1' (22d3640e-f5c8-499c-b0dd-913c8970d800) successfully added.
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team-slave con-name team0-port2 ifname eno50332208 master team0
- Connection 'team0-port2' (12660d2a-0e1f-41e6-96b2-53de4fc6b78c) successfully added.
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con sh
- NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
- team0-port2 12660d2a-0e1f-41e6-96b2-53de4fc6b78c 802-3-ethernet --
- eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736
- team0-port1 22d3640e-f5c8-499c-b0dd-913c8970d800 802-3-ethernet --
- team0 9dc48bd6-54b9-48db-b7dd-ecf34ae9196f team team0
- eno33554984 32d2389e-4e82-4419-9d18-5aff8f0be003 802-3-ethernet eno33554984
- eno50332208 eea2a115-63f8-4f33-be84-12559f02542c 802-3-ethernet eno50332208
- # 查看team0的状态
- [root@localhost ~]# teamdctl team0 st
- setup:
- runner: roundrobin
4.1 roundrobin 问题排查
第一次查看出现的是这样的结果,检查下配置:
- # 通过直接查看网卡发现team0并没有启动
- [root@localhost ~]# ip a | grep team0
- 5: team0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN
- # 使用ifup 启动team0并没有成功,继续排查
- [root@localhost ~]# ifup team0
- [root@localhost ~]# ip a | grep team0
- 5: team0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN
直接 sysetmctl restart network 也没有成功。
- # 发现team0-port1 team0-port2没有添加成功物理网卡,怎么回事呢?
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con sh
- NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
- team0-port2 ec96c1e1-d268-4ba1-a2f9-0133a9f02655 802-3-ethernet --
- eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736
- team0-port1 22d3640e-f5c8-499c-b0dd-913c8970d800 802-3-ethernet --
- team0 9dc48bd6-54b9-48db-b7dd-ecf34ae9196f team team0
- eno33554984 32d2389e-4e82-4419-9d18-5aff8f0be003 802-3-ethernet eno33554984
- eno50332208 eea2a115-63f8-4f33-be84-12559f02542c 802-3-ethernet eno50332208
- # 删除掉
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con del team0-port1
- Connection 'team0-port1' (22d3640e-f5c8-499c-b0dd-913c8970d800) successfully deleted.
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con del team0-port2
- Connection 'team0-port2' (ec96c1e1-d268-4ba1-a2f9-0133a9f02655) successfully deleted.
- # 删除两张物理网卡的连接
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con sh
- NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
- eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736
- team0 9dc48bd6-54b9-48db-b7dd-ecf34ae9196f team team0
- eno33554984 32d2389e-4e82-4419-9d18-5aff8f0be003 802-3-ethernet eno33554984
- eno50332208 eea2a115-63f8-4f33-be84-12559f02542c 802-3-ethernet eno50332208
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con del eno33554984 eno50332208
- Connection 'eno33554984' (32d2389e-4e82-4419-9d18-5aff8f0be003) successfully deleted.
- Connection 'eno50332208' (eea2a115-63f8-4f33-be84-12559f02542c) successfully deleted.
- # 删除成功
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con sh
- NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
- eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736
- team0 9dc48bd6-54b9-48db-b7dd-ecf34ae9196f team team0
- # 再次将两张物理网卡添加到team
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team-slave con-name team0-port1 ifname eno33554984 master team0
- Connection 'team0-port1' (0331ea43-95c0-4106-b388-8484d4c3940d) successfully added.
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team-slave con-name team0-port2 ifname eno50332208 master team0
- Connection 'team0-port2' (880f2146-fe93-42dd-8d28-7d0dd50b4011) successfully added.
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con sh
- NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
- team0-port1 0331ea43-95c0-4106-b388-8484d4c3940d 802-3-ethernet eno33554984
- eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736
- team0 9dc48bd6-54b9-48db-b7dd-ecf34ae9196f team team0
- team0-port2 880f2146-fe93-42dd-8d28-7d0dd50b4011 802-3-ethernet eno50332208
现在成功将两张物理网卡绑定到了 team 组中
- # 现在查看team0的状态就出现了,模式是:roundrobin
- [root@localhost ~]# teamdctl team0 st
- setup:
- runner: roundrobin
- ports:
- eno33554984
- link watches:
- link summary: up
- instance[link_watch_0]:
- name: ethtool
- link: up
- down count: 0
- eno50332208
- link watches:
- link summary: up
- instance[link_watch_0]:
- name: ethtool
- link: up
- down count: 0
这样,team 模式的 roundrobin 搭建成功。
总结:
在做链路聚合的时候,所要使用到的物理网卡不能独立存在连接,也就是在 nmcli con sh 查看时,不能独立存在,否则就无法绑定到 team 模式中。
4.2 测试
因为这里是虚拟机环境,只能通过 down 掉网卡进行查看。
- [root@localhost ~]# teamdctl team0 st
- setup:
- runner: roundrobin
- ports:
- eno33554984
- link watches:
- link summary: up
- instance[link_watch_0]:
- name: ethtool
- link: up
- down count: 0
- eno50332208
- link watches:
- link summary: up
- instance[link_watch_0]:
- name: ethtool
- link: up
- down count: 0
两张网卡同时在线,现在 down 掉其中一张网卡,
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con del team0-port1
- Connection 'team0-port1' (0331ea43-95c0-4106-b388-8484d4c3940d) successfully deleted.
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con sh
- NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
- eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736
- team0 9dc48bd6-54b9-48db-b7dd-ecf34ae9196f team team0
- team0-port2 880f2146-fe93-42dd-8d28-7d0dd50b4011 802-3-ethernet eno50332208
- [root@localhost ~]# teamdctl team0 st
- setup:
- runner: roundrobin
- ports:
- eno50332208
- link watches:
- link summary: up
- instance[link_watch_0]:
- name: ethtool
- link: up
- down count: 0
这样就发现 eno33554984 网卡已经 down 掉了。
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team-slave con-name team0-port1 ifname eno33554984 master team0
- Connection 'team0-port1' (59acd6bf-affc-4994-a050-83c45816859a) successfully added.
- [root@localhost ~]#
- [root@localhost ~]# teamdctl team0 st
- setup:
- runner: roundrobin
- ports:
- eno33554984
- link watches:
- link summary: up
- instance[link_watch_0]:
- name: ethtool
- link: up
- down count: 0
- eno50332208
- link watches:
- link summary: up
- instance[link_watch_0]:
- name: ethtool
- link: up
- down count: 0
虚拟机环境就这样测试了吧,至于生产环境就直接拔网线,ping 测试。
资料有说 linux 下 roundrobin 具有容错的效果,为了测试是否有容错的效果,虚拟机做了下更改来验证:
这一次网卡全部改成桥接模式,为了更好的测试是否具有容错性。
roundrobin 已经配置完毕。接下来我们 down 掉一张网卡检查是否具有容错性。
通过虚拟机测试,容错性是存在的。
5. 双网卡绑定 activebackup 的实现
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con sh
- NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
- team0-port2 2a1aa534-e021-4452-bb0a-2002dabcbc08 802-3-ethernet eno50332208
- team0-port1 9a10c9ef-ee9c-4151-9a47-59b4668e8934 802-3-ethernet --
- eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736
- team0 c2278f3f-5c6b-4e1d-b925-514d3c3832b6 team team0
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con del team0 team0-port1 team0-port2
- Connection 'team0' (c2278f3f-5c6b-4e1d-b925-514d3c3832b6) successfully deleted.
- Connection 'team0-port1' (9a10c9ef-ee9c-4151-9a47-59b4668e8934) successfully deleted.
- Connection 'team0-port2' (2a1aa534-e021-4452-bb0a-2002dabcbc08) successfully deleted.
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con sh
- NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
- eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736
- # 以上操作就删除了roundrobin模式,恢复到初始状态。
- # 添加逻辑网卡team0,并启用activebackup模式
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team con-name team0 ifname team0 config '{"runner":{"name":"activebackup"}}'
- Connection 'team0' (f0794e59-419d-4c2a-96b9-464610b6321a) successfully added.
- # 绑定ip
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con modify team0 ipv4.address 192.168.118.122/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.118.1
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con modify team0 ipv4.method manual
- # 添加物理网卡到activebackup模式
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team-slave con-name team0-port1 ifname eno33554984 master team0
- Connection 'team0-port1' (52656904-6e85-4a04-98b4-2b19773fa290) successfully added.
- [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team-slave con-name team0-port2 ifname eno50332208 master team0
- Connection 'team0-port2' (44d96e3a-014a-481f-9122-4ca2d3be9f7a) successfully added.
- [root@localhost ~]# teamdctl team0 st
- setup:
- runner: activebackup
- ports:
- eno33554984
- link watches:
- link summary: up
- instance[link_watch_0]:
- name: ethtool
- link: up
- down count: 0
- eno50332208
- link watches:
- link summary: up
- instance[link_watch_0]:
- name: ethtool
- link: up
- down count: 0
- runner:
- active port: eno33554984
成功,处于活动中的网卡为 eno33554984
5.1 测试
通过 down 掉活动网卡测试网络是否仍然处于连通状态
测试成功。
注意: 在做网卡绑定的时候,如果发现物理网卡总是无法绑定到 team0,请检查该物理网卡是否处于 up 状态。
来源: http://www.phperz.com/article/17/0720/335238.html