这里有新鲜出炉的 Linux 常用命令,程序狗速度看过来!
Linux 是一套免费使用和自由传播的类 Unix 操作系统,是一个基于 POSIX 和 UNIX 的多用户、多任务、支持多线程和多 CPU 的操作系统。它能运行主要的 UNIX 工具软件、应用程序和网络协议。
mysql 最流行的关系型数据库之一,目前隶属于 oracle 公司,因体积小、速度快、总体拥有成本低,开放源代码这一特点,所以是我们日常开发的首选。下面我们来看看如何在 Linux 下安装配置 MySQL
系统: Ubuntu 16.04LTS
1 官网下载 mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
2 建立工作组:
- $su
- #groupadd mysql
- #useradd -r -g mysql mysql
3 创建目录
- #mkdir /usr/local/mysql
- #mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data
4 解压 mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz, 并拷贝至 / usr/local/mysql
- #tar - zxvf mysql - 5.7.18 - linux - glibc2.5 - x86_64.tar.gz#cp - r / home / jieyamulu / mysql - 5.7.18 - linux - glibc2.5 - x86_64
- /* /usr/local/mysql
- */
5 修改 mysql 用户对 mysql 以下及其子文件夹以下文件的权限, 修改后可使用 ll 查看权限
- root@Ice-***:/usr/local# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql
- root@Ice-***:/usr/local# ll
- 总用量 44
- drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 5月 19 07:39 ./
- drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 2月 16 04:30 ../
- drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 bin/
- drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 etc/
- drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 games/
- drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 include/
- drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2月 16 04:23 lib/
- lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 3月 29 14:11 man -> share/man/
- drwxr-xr-x 10 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 mysql/
- drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 sbin/
- drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 2月 16 04:34 share/
- drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 src/
- root@Ice-***:/usr/local# cd mysql/
- root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# ll
- 总用量 64
- drwxr-xr-x 10 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 ./
- drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 5月 19 07:39 ../
- drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 bin/
- -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 17987 5月 19 07:48 COPYING
- drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:41 data/
- drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 docs/
- drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 include/
- drwxr-xr-x 5 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 lib/
- drwxr-xr-x 4 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 man/
- -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 2478 5月 19 07:48 README
- drwxr-xr-x 28 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 share/
- drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 support-files/
6 修改 (或新建)/etc/my.cnf 配置文件
- root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# vim /etc/my.cnf
- [mysqld] basedir=/usr/local/mysql/
- datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
- :wq
7 最关键的初始化
- # cd /usr/local/mysql/
- root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize
- 2017-05-19T00:15:46.529420Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
- 2017-05-19T00:15:47.066125Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
- 2017-05-19T00:15:47.213711Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
- 2017-05-19T00:15:47.286951Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 4e958344-3c28-11e7-8334-c8d3ffd2db82.
- 2017-05-19T00:15:47.292857Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
- 2017-05-19T00:15:47.294758Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: YjaotQk*2ew4
初始密码要记住 这里可能会出现很多问题, 比如:
Installing MySQL system tables..../bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
缺少依赖关系包
解决方法:
- sudo apt-get install libaio-dev
还有可能是之前步骤不对导致了操作 data 文件的权限不够等等. 按照步骤来, 缺少什么装什么 (有提示), 到了这里应该就初始化成功了, 那几个 Warning, 值得注意的是 Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 有时间可以查下是怎么回事, 这条忽略也没影响.
8 不要着急启动, 现在还启动不了. 执行代码, 将 mysql 下除了 data 文件夹外的文件变为 root 权限
- root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# chown -R root .
- root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# chown -R mysql data
9 启动
- root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
敲回车
- root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
- Enter password:
- Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
- Your MySQL connection id is 3
- Server version: 5.7.18
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
- affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
- owners.
- Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
- mysql> show databases;
- ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
- mysql>
10 重置密码
- mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('newpasswd');
- Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
- mysql> show databases;
- +--------------------+
- | Database |
- +--------------------+
- | information_schema |
- | mysql |
- | performance_schema |
- | sys |
- +--------------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> quit
- Bye
11 设置开机启动
- root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
- root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
12 安装 mysql-server 和 mysql-client
- root@Ice-***:~# apt-get install mysql-server
- root@Ice-***:~# apt-get install mysql-client
- root@Ice-***:~# apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev
- E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
解决办法:
1.$ sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info /var/lib/dpkg/info_old // 现将 info 文件夹更名 2.$ sudo mkdir /var/lib/dpkg/info // 再新建一个新的 info 文件夹 3.$ sudo apt-get update, $ apt-get -f install // 修复依赖树 4.$ sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info/* /var/lib/dpkg/info_old // 执行完上一步操作后会在新的 info 文件夹下生成一些文件,现将这些文件全部移到 info_old 文件夹下 5.$ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/dpkg/info // 把自己新建的 info 文件夹删掉 6.$ sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info_old /var/lib/dpkg/info // 把以前的 info 文件夹重新改回名字
最后, 如果是 Ubuntu 系统可能无法向表中插入汉字, 无法从表中查询汉字..
解决办法:
关闭数据库服务
- service mysql stop
- ~$ sudo vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
在 [mysqld] 下添加一行 character_set_server=utf8 配置文件选段:
- [mysqld]
- #
- # * Basic Settings
- #
- user = mysql
- pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
- socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
- port = 3306
- basedir = /usr
- datadir = /var/lib/mysql
- tmpdir = /tmp
- lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql
- character_set_server=utf8 就是这一行,原来是没有的,要手动添加!
- skip-external-locking
- #
将上述文件拷贝至 / etc/mysql/my.cnf
- ~$ sudo cp /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf
重启数据库服务
- ~$ /etc/init.d/mysql restart
如果查看字符集能得到如下结果就说明成功了.
- mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';
- +----------------------+-----------------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +----------------------+-----------------+
- | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
- | collation_database | utf8_general_ci |
- | collation_server | utf8_general_ci |
- +----------------------+-----------------+
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
- +--------------------------+----------------------------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +--------------------------+----------------------------+
- | character_set_client | utf8 |
- | character_set_connection | utf8 |
- | character_set_database | utf8 |
- | character_set_filesystem | binary |
- | character_set_results | utf8 |
- | character_set_server | utf8 |
- | character_set_system | utf8 |
- | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
- +--------------------------+----------------------------+
- 8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
来源: http://www.phperz.com/article/17/0602/335539.html