Step 1 . 准备工作
关闭防火墙; 安装 MySQL 依赖于 libaio 库; 下载, 解压, 重命名 MySQL 的执行文件; 新建用户组和用户 等准备工作在此不再赘述.
可执行文件目录为 /data/mysql57
添加用户和组的指令
- groupadd MySQL
- useradd MySQL -g MySQL
Step 2 . 添加环境变量
在 / etc/profile 文件中, 追加 PATH=${PATH}:/data/mysql57/bin/
保存后, 如需要立即生效, 可执行 source /etc/profile .
step 3 . 创建目录并授权
在 data 根目录下执行
mkdir -p mysql3306/data mysql3306/mysql_log mysql3306/tmp mysql3307/data mysql3307/mysql_log mysql3307/tmp mysqld_multi/log
创建记录 log 的文件, 此步骤不可少.
- touch /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/mysql3306.err
- touch /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/mysql3307.err
赋予目录和文件权限
chown -R MySQL.MySQL mysql3* mysqld_multi
在本测试案例中, mysql57 是从其它服务上 copy 来的, 不是直接下载解压的, 所以多了下面的两步授权操作.
- chmod -R 755 /data/mysql57/bin
- chmod -R 755 /data/mysql57/support-files
step 4 . 编辑 my.cnf
- [client]
- host=localhost
- socket = /tmp/MySQL.sock
- default-character-set=utf8mb4
- #loose-local-infile=0
- [mysqld]
- user=MySQL
- log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
- secure_file_priv='/tmp'
- ########server setting#######
- sql_mode = "ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"
- character-set-server=utf8mb4
- collation_server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
- lower_case_table_names = 0
- skip_name_resolve = 1
- #max_connect_errors = 1000
- max_connections = 2000
- thread_cache_size=256
- #thread_stack= 262144
- #back_log=80
- max_allowed_packet = 134217728
- event_scheduler = 1
- local-infile=0
- #lower_case_table_names = 1
- explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
- expire_logs_days = 7
- log_bin_trust_function_creators =1
- ####.frm/.ibd files qty related
- open_files_limit=65535
- innodb_open_files=65535
- table_open_cache=65535
- table_definition_cache=65535
- #### seesion buffer related
- read_buffer_size = 262144
- read_rnd_buffer_size = 524288
- sort_buffer_size = 8388608
- join_buffer_size = 8388608
- ####memory table size
- tmp_table_size =67108864
- max_heap_table_size=67108864
- ####timeout
- interactive_timeout = 1800
- wait_timeout = 1800
- # connect_timeout=10
- ########slow query ########
- slow_query_log = 1
- log_slow_slave_statements = 1
- #log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1
- log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 10
- long_query_time = 1
- #min_examined_row_limit = 10000
- ########innodb settings########
- innodb_buffer_pool_size = 10737418240
- innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 16
- innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 40
- innodb_lru_scan_depth = 2048
- innodb_page_cleaners = 16
- #innodb_purge_threads = 4
- innodb_sort_buffer_size = 67108864
- #innodb_file_per_table = 1
- #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
- innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1
- innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3
- innodb_max_undo_log_size = 2147483648
- innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency = 128
- innodb_log_file_size = 1073741824
- innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
- innodb_log_buffer_size = 16777216
- innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
- innodb_flush_neighbors = 0
- innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1
- innodb_strict_mode = 1
- #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
- innodb_io_capacity = 32768
- innodb_io_capacity_max = 65536
- innodb_thread_concurrency = 32
- innodb_write_io_threads = 8
- innodb_read_io_threads = 8
- ########replication settings########
- master_info_repository = TABLE
- relay_log_info_repository = TABLE
- gtid_mode = on
- enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
- binlog_gtid_simple_recovery=1
- relay_log_recovery = 1
- slave-parallel-type = LOGICAL_CLOCK
- slave-parallel-workers = 16
- slave_transaction_retries=128
- slave_preserve_commit_order=1
- log_slave_updates=1
- binlog_format = ROW
- log_timestamps=system
- binlog_rows_query_log_events = 1
- binlog_row_image='full'
- slave_skip_errors = ddl_exist_errors
- ########semi sync replication settings########
- ##plugin_dir=/data/MySQL/plugin/
- #plugin_load = "rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so"
- #rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1
- #rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 5000
- #rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1
- [mysqld_multi]
- mysqld = /data/mysql57/bin/mysqld_safe
- mysqladmin = /data/mysql57/bin/mysqladmin
- log = /data/mysqld_multi/log/mysqld_multi.log
- [mysqld3306]
- basedir = /data/mysql57
- mysqladmin=mysqladmin
- datadir=/data/mysql3306/data
- port=3306
- server_id=102473306
- socket= /tmp/mysql_3306.sock
- tmpdir = /data/mysql3306/tmp
- pid-file = /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/mysql3306.pid
- slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/mysql3306_slow_new.log
- log-error = /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/mysql3306.err
- general_log_file= /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/mysql3306.genlog
- log-bin = /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/mysql3306_bin
- relay_log = /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/relay3306.log
- innodb_buffer_pool_size = 90G
- innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
- [mysqld3307]
- basedir = /data/mysql57
- mysqladmin=mysqladmin
- datadir=/data/mysql3307/data
- port=3307
- server_id=102473307
- socket= /tmp/mysql_3307.sock
- tmpdir = /data/mysql3307/tmp
- pid-file = /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/mysql3307.pid
- slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/mysql3307_slow_new.log
- log-error = /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/mysql3307.err
- general_log_file= /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/mysql3307.genlog
- log-bin = /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/mysql3307_bin
- relay_log = /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/relay3307.log
- innodb_buffer_pool_size = 90G
- innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
- [mysqldump]
- quick
step 5 . 初始化实例
初始化 3306 端口的实例, 注意产生的临时密码.
/data/mysql57/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user=MySQL --basedir=/data/mysql57 --datadir=/data/mysql3306/data
初始化 3307 端口的实例, 注意产生的临时密码.
/data/mysql57/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user=MySQL --basedir=/data/mysql57 --datadir=/data/mysql3307/data
step 6 . 复制生成 mysqld_multi 并添加到开机启动
- cp /data/mysql57/support-files/mysqld_multi.server /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi
- chkconfig --add mysqld_multi
step 7 . 多实例 Mysqld 的开启
开启全部实例
mysqld_multi start
查看开启情况(查看全部实例状态)
mysqld_multi report
开启指定实例
开启 / etc/my.cnf 中 [mysqld3306] 其中 mysqld 后面的数字为标签, 例如 3306 标签
mysqld_multi start 3306
同样开启 3307 标签实例
- mysqld_multi start 3307
- (注意: 此处没有说通过 mysqld_multi stop 命令进行关闭实例, 为什么不说, 因为命令无效. Step 9 的操作会让它变成有效)
step 8 . 第一次登入实例, 修改 root 账号密码
多实例登入需指定 socket 参数
本测试 3306 实例登入的方式为:
MySQL -S /tmp/mysql_3306.sock -uroot --port 3306 -p
step 9 . 赋予通过 mysqld_multi stop 关闭实例的权限.
关闭实例需要配置 root 用户及密码, 修改 /etc/my.cnf 文件.
在 [client] 位置添加
user=root
password = 密码
因为文件中需要保留账号密码, 有安全风险. 实际环境中要不要如此设置, 还需根据具体情况和安全要求而定.
经过以上步骤的操作, 此服务器成功安装了 2 个 MySQL 实例, 一个 Port 为 3306, 另一个 Port 为 3307
感谢: 以上文档在同事 Fly Chen 的基础梳理完成.
来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/xuliuzai/p/10732833.html