应答文件的制作方式:
cat /root/anaconda-ks.cfg 参考模板进行制作
yum install system-config-kickstart 使用图形工具进行制作
system-config-kickstart 启动工具进行设置
centos6: 将应答文件放到共享网络访问中以便进行系统的安装
依靠光盘和应答文件的半自动化安装:
(1) 搭建存放应答文件的共享服务 在额外机器上
- yum install vsftpd
- systemctl start vsftpd
- cp ks.cfg /var/ftp/pub/ks6-mini.cfg
vim /var/ftp/pub/ks6-mini.cfg 应答文件模板
- #platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
- #version=DEVEL
- #Firewall configuration
- firewall --disabled
- #Install OS instead of upgrade
- install
- #Use network installation
- url --url="http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/"
- #Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$pJZ2W0AP$nFQbRMMdRE1/YO4ddglBi0
- #System authorization information
- auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
- #Use text mode install
- text
- firstboot --disable
- #System keyboard
- keyboard us
- #System language
- lang en_US
- #SELinux configuration
- selinux --disabled
- #Installation logging level
- logging --level=info
- #Reboot after installation
- reboot
- #System timezone
- timezone Asia/Shanghai
- #Network information
- network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
- #System bootloader configuration
- bootloader --location=mbr
- #Clear the Master Boot Record
- zerombr
- #Partition clearing information
- clearpart --all --initlabel
- #Disk partitioning information
- part / --fstype="ext4" --size=10240
- part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=500
- part swap --fstype="swap" --size=1024
- %post
- mkdir /root/.ssh/
- cat> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys <<EOF
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAruUSGJQ6UYn45lD0TRifnqYzy5izR6Eskjk0DV25Eplc7TDHqKH/98WatoN3l0zyM+v9IWxlg2HCaLdm0dreRVu7YP6q0NO9yyu+dgsasTVNdrNJi5B3qRhpLvboSbltVqdC9eT7txmCp7ZMcUH1YqcPSRnf/DulaeIJYmtivHG68X0WGPgTPcGSZ1ujXs6Ho/v8i+3bPnZ+w+KMMI9ajCCzoG9mV7+zshAQ6hdlMaKbosabYcDXCZJ4Q5EUtpjap0nK6nKsVi6TPU+o7GlD1UJF4qUXNGmcP79erp+TxCVEujgA3JP0TdgYXVu4fDw8rppNfxVejd+Kt00yxlMZEw== root@localhost.wang
- EOF
- chmod 600 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
- cat> /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF
- [hello]
- name=base_centos6
- baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/
- gpgcheck=0
- EOF
- useradd wang
- echo 123789|passwd --stdin wang &> /dev/null
- %end
- %packages
- @core
- @server-policy
- @workstation-policy
- vim-enhanced
- lrzsz
- %end
(2) 应答文件见 linux 资料的 pxe 资料中
(3) 创建虚拟机, 设置网络模式
(4) 按 ESC, 进入光盘启动界面
(5) 按 TAB 键, 进入选项设置界面
(6) 添加选项
ks=ftp://192.168.43.60/pub/ks6-mini.cfg ip=192.168.43.52 netmask=255.255.255.0
centos7: 将 ks 文件和 iso 镜像仓库共享到同一个 httpd 服务目录下以安装系统
使用 system-config-kickstart 工具进行应答文件的制作时会找不到待选择安装的包的信息:
此时需要将 base 仓库名改成 development, 然后重启 system-config-kickstart 程序即可
- yum install httpd
- systemctl start httpd
- cd /var/www/html/
- mkdir ks
- mkdir centos/7 -pv
vim ks/ks7-desktop.cfg 编辑应答文件
- #version=DEVEL
- # System authorization information
- auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
- # Use CDROM installation media
- url --url=http://192.168.43.60/centos/7/
- #cdrom
- # Use graphical install
- text
- #graphical
- # Run the Setup Agent on first boot
- firstboot --disable
- ignoredisk --only-use=sda
- # Keyboard layouts
- keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'
- # System language
- lang en_US.UTF-8
- selinux --disabled
- firewall --disabled
- # Network information
- network --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 --onboot=on --ipv6=auto --activate
- network --hostname=centos7.yongstar.tech
- # Root password
- rootpw --iscrypted $6$UrJjRqHwvRhBAASK$Z/4YajRVYaXxtxgp2Q7c0IU0wYN6Wgo8ImM8KH6KGVKkPdXkXt8NoLW.igTbEO/npImGvC0H/p3lB0gCxcOQP/
- #System services
- services --disabled="chronyd"
- #System timezone
- timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
user --name=wang --password=$6$lLulhDZMW4jlO7GX$8LZgrCv.0f8AiqkIUf.TCfQtcUFd4iG5smtp6nNQicseSBB88VIcLK1TOl.BU7PJ4vRKTnVSZKqlO3hH6tgOu/ --iscrypted --gecos="wang"
- #X Window System configuration information
- xconfig --startxonboot
- #System bootloader configuration
- bootloader --append="crashkernel=auto" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda
- part swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=2048
- part /boot --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=1024
- part / --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=51200
- part /app --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=20480
- #autopart --type=lvm
- #Partition clearing information
- zerombr
- clearpart --all --initlabel
- %packages
- @^gnome-desktop-environment
- @base
- @core
- @desktop-debugging
- @directory-client
- @fonts
- @gnome-apps
- @gnome-desktop
- @guest-agents
- @guest-desktop-agents
- @input-methods
- @internet-browser
- @network-file-system-client
- @networkmanager-submodules
- @x11
- %end
- %addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'
- %end
- %anaconda
- pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
- pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
- pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
- %end
- %post
- mkdir /root/.ssh/
- cat> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys <<EOF
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAruUSGJQ6UYn45lD0TRifnqYzy5izR6Eskjk0DV25Eplc7TDHqKH/98WatoN3l0zyM+v9IWxlg2HCaLdm0dreRVu7YP6q0NO9yyu+dgsasTVNdrNJi5B3qRhpLvboSbltVqdC9eT7txmCp7ZMcUH1YqcPSRnf/DulaeIJYmtivHG68X0WGPgTPcGSZ1ujXs6Ho/v8i+3bPnZ+w+KMMI9ajCCzoG9mV7+zshAQ6hdlMaKbosabYcDXCZJ4Q5EUtpjap0nK6nKsVi6TPU+o7GlD1UJF4qUXNGmcP79erp+TxCVEujgA3JP0TdgYXVu4fDw8rppNfxVejd+Kt00yxlMZEw== root@localhost.wang
- EOF
- chmod 600 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
- cat> /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF
- [hello]
- name=base_centos7
- baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/
- gpgcheck=0
- EOF
- useradd wang
- echo 123789|passwd --stdin wang &> /dev/null
- %end
chmod 644 ks/ks7-desktop.cfg 设置可读权限
yum install pykickstart 安装能检测应答文件语法的包
ksvalidator ks/ks7-desktop.cfg 检测应答文件的语法
mount /dev/sr0 centos/7/ 挂载 iso 文件到目录下以共享
如果没有光盘设备:
cp /dev/sr0 centos7.iso 制作 iso 镜像文件
mount centos7.iso centos/7/ 挂载 iso 文件到目录下
目前此实验还需挂载光盘引导安装系统
来源: http://blog.51cto.com/angwoyufengtian/2129537